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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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enculturation
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process by which a child LEARNS his or her culture
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what is culture?
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learned, symbolic, shared, integrated system adapting to the environment, always changing
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culture
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hard to define because no one agrees;
beliefs, customs, religion, way of life, morals, knowledge |
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modern culture
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complex
ideas, values, perceptions, beliefs, knowledge reflected by behavior interpret experiences |
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culture is what?
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all encompassing
we use it to organize our experiences and lives |
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optical illusions
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can effect visual perception
people in the west are more susceptible to them (right angles) |
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culture is shared
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people shared culture, but in some people have a certain amount, but have a certain variation within the cutlure
by a group, size and complexity varies effects behavior for survival |
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society
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a group of being occupying a specific area
dependent on each other for their survival (animals too) |
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social structure
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every society has a structure; different roles, each one helps the other
relationships hold the society together/how they organize themselves (family, gov, religion, work) cannot have a human society without culture, cannot have culture without a society |
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3 parts of shared culture
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individual, gender, subculture
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gender shared
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male, female
what the society says about sex different cultural baggage dress, clothes, style, jobs |
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sex shared
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biologival difference
men = bigger genetalia, reproduction |
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intersexuality
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hermaphrodite partial one + partial one
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individual variation shared
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different than the norm, each person is different
experiences, temperaments, gender, genetic makeup need to draw the line somewhere |
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nature is
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sex
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gender is
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culture
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subculture
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small group within a large group/society that shares beliefs with the large society but have their differences
ex. KKK, Mafia, Protestant, Orthodox Jew, Omish |
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learned behavior
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enculturation, acculturation, independence training, dependence training
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enculturation
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growing up in your culture and learning about it. social process by which culture is learned and transmitted across the generations. observation
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acculturation
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exchange of cultural features that results when groups come into continuous firsthand contact
cultural patterns of either or both groups may be altered but remain distinct |
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independence training
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nuclear family
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dependence training
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extended family household
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child rearing and gender
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social roles, not only biology
gender norms |
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based on symbols
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language, part of enculturation, cup of cofffee - why?
money - what makes it worth something? symbolic value of $1 green on st. pattys = irish muslim women wear shaws on their heads, do not cover up for their husbands |
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nature
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biological urges and how to express them
human nature = cultural habits, perceptions and inventions excretions standing up vs sitting down hurricanes, floods, earthquakes |
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all-encompassing
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most significant cutlure forces are those that affect people everyday of their lives and children during enculturation
comib book = book award winner book "popular culture" |
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integrated
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if one part changes, it effects the whole
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core values
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set of characteristics (key basic central values) integrates each culture ad helps distinguish it from others)
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maladaptive
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patterns, traits and inventions that threaten the groups continued existance
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culture is based on symbols
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important form of symbolic behavior
communicate on the detailed level we need to survive ex= football could be seen as homo rape or male aggression |
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culture is integrated (+/-)
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things fit together in a whole, if you change one part another part will change as well, or it wont
change has an impact on the whole system |
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Kapaku, New Guinea
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integrated culture
gardners/hunters no official political system "Big Man" or "Big Woman" pig feasts wives feed pigs, more wives = more pigs = more feasts = more power polygamy = more than one wife, lots of men get killed off. child is considered on mans side of the family not womens, women move into mens home, extended families |
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culture is based on symbols
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important form of symbolic behavior
communicate on the detailed level we need to survive ex= football could be seen as homo rape or male aggression |
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culture is integrated (+/-)
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things fit together in a whole, if you change one part another part will change as well, or it wont
change has an impact on the whole system |
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Kapaku, New Guinea
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integrated culture
gardners/hunters no official political system "Big Man" or "Big Woman" pig feasts wives feed pigs, more wives = more pigs = more feasts = more power polygamy = more than one wife, lots of men get killed off. child is considered on mans side of the family not womens, women move into mens home, extended families |
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culture is adaptive
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patterns in womens employment (upper and middle)
- the economy - single moms - divorce rate - changes in behavior |
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physical adaptation
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walking on two legs, allows us to do many things
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physiological adaptation
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get a tan (build up color so you don't burn) , people living at high altitudes (bodies need to adjust)
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human nature
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cultural habitats, perceptions and inventions
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what we share with primates
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symbolic thought (culture/society)
learning tool use hunted |
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how we differ from primates
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sharing meat
mating ovulation/reproductive marriage |
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universal
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found in every culture
biologically based ex = infant dependency, sexuality |
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generalities
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common to several but not all cultures
ex= nuclear families, different in all socieites |
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cultural particularity
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a trait or feature of a culture that is not generalized or widespread
concentrated in one area |
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life cycle events
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birth, death, puberty, marriage funeral
all celebrated/done differently |
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real culturea
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actual behavior as observed by anthros
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ideal culture
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what people say they should do vs what they should do
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human rights
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justice morality beyond and superior to the laws of a certain country, culture and religion
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inalienable
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nations cannot abridge or terminate them
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borrowed traits
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modified to fit the culture that adopts them
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celebrations
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celebrated differently
ex american culture, lavish weddings not funerals |
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intellectual property rights IPR
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IPR
conserve each societys cultureal base (core beliefs, knowledge and practices) |
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national culture
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beliefs, learned behavior, patterns, values and insitutions shared by people of the same nation
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international culture
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extends beyond and across national boundaries (diffusion/borrowing)
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ethnocentrism
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ones culture is superior to others and judges others based on their beliefs of people raised in other cultures
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cultural relativism
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behavior of one culture should not be judged by the standards of another
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cultural rights
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vested in groups not individuals (religions, ethnicities, indgenious socities)
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fertile crescent
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lush and green, irrigation. agriculturists. desert now because salt ruined it. adaptive in short run, maladaptive in long run
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diffusion
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starts in one society (invention/way of doing things) and a neighbor may copy. direct or indirect(trade)
ex= Great Plains Indians, trading food and adapting them |
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independent invention
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one person has a good idea and it changes a culture, other cultures pick it uo
ex= lightbulb, other socieites thought it was a good idea, so they copied |
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innovation
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building on an invention
ex= eco friendly lightbulbs |
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acculturation
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exchange of cultural features that result when a group comes into continuous contact with a group
original culture patterns of either or both groups may be altered but the groups remain distinct forces its own culture on the conquered ex= master, slave ex= russia + soviet union |
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syncretism
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combining things from 2 cultures and making something new
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direct diffusion
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2 cultures trade and marry or war on each other
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forced diffusion
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one culture subjugates another and imposes its customs on the dominated group
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indirect diffusion
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items or traits more from group A to C because of B without any contact from A
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pidgin
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mixed language that develops to ease communication between members of different cultures in contact
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globalization
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process (diffusion, migration or culturation) working to promote change in the world in which nations and people are linked mutually dependent
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cultures are always changing
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not necessarily at the same rate, but they are changing
diffusion, acculturation, invention, innovation globalization |
