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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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psychosis definition
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a symptom of mental illness characterised by a loss of contact with reality *difficulty differentiating between whats real and whats not |
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What is schizophrenia
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1. Thought disorder -form : disorganised -content: delusions 2. distorted perception and reality - hallucinations 3. flattened emotions - blunted affect : lack of emotional expression; poor eye contact; poor facial expressions - anhedonia: lack of pleasure in previously enjoyable activities. 4. Disordered motor beh - stereotypy -catatonia |
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DSM diagnosis of schizophrenia
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2+ of 5 characteristics / symptom present for significant portion of time over 1 month: -dellusions -hallucinations -disorganised speech -grossly disorganised or catatonic beh -neg symptoms |
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Stages of schizophrenia
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1) prodromal stage ie a slow deterioration from normal function during late adolenscence 2) active stage = unambiguous signs of psychosis 3) residual stage ie following gradual recovery from symptoms. positive symptoms are no longer present but neg may still be present. -not always reached -or alternation between active and residual stages. |
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Prevelance
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-schizophrenia most common psychotic disorder listed in the DMS - 0.5-2% across countries and cultures, no gender differences. - age of onset: 18-25 years (later for women) - higher in immigrant population - may be due to misunderstanding of cultural factors in the manifestation of mental health issues |
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Aetiology
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Genetics: 48% MZ twins 17% DZ twins children 13% siblings 9% Neurotransmitters dopamine hypothesis - brain of schizophrenic patients produce more dopomine than normal Neuroanatoical abnormalities - enlarged ventricles -reduced volume and activity in temporal and frontal cortex -neurodevelopmental model Enviromental influences, parenting psychodynamic approaches- role of parents: schizophrenogenic mother Epressed emotion: hostile attitude, critical comments, emotional overinvolement communication devianc : RD Laing and anti-psychiatry etc. and other psycho-social explinations Cognition - source monitoring deficits - attentional biases - excessive threat anticipation - theory of mind deficits - external locus of control externalizing attributional bias. |
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treatment
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-frontline: medication -psych therapies/psychotherapy fam therapy psycho ed CBT plus many other therapeutic approaches |
