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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Anatomy |
The study of body structure and shape of the organs |
No hint, too easy 😝 |
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Physiology |
science dealing with the functions of living things or their organs |
No hint, too easy 😝 |
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What are the 6 levels of structural organization? |
Atoms Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organism |
This doesn't need to be memorized, just looked at. |
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What are the 11 Organ Systems? |
1. Integumentary System 2. Skeletal System 3. Muscular System 4. Nervous System 5. Endocrine System 6. Cardiovascular System 7. Lymphatic System 8. Respiratory System 9. Digestive System 10. Urinary System 11. Reproductive System |
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What is the Integumentary System and what does it do? |
The skin. It covers the body, protects tissue, synthesizes Vitamin D, holds cutaneous receptors (pain, pressure, etc...), and holds sweat and oil glands. |
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What is the Skeletal System and what does it do? |
Cartilages, joints, and bones. It protects/supports organs, provides a framework that muscles use to move, and it stores minerals. Blood cells are formed within bones. |
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What is the Muscular System and what does it do? |
The skeletal muscles. It allows for manipulation of the environment, movement, facial expressions, posture, and it produce heat. |
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What is the Nervous System and what does it do? |
The brain, sensory receptor, spinal cord, and nerves. It is the fast acting control system of the body. It responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands. |
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What is the Endocrine System and what does it do? |
The various glands, pancreas, and ovary or testis. It secretes hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use by body cells. |
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What is the Cardiovascular System and what does it do? |
The heart and blood vessels. The blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc... The heart pumps blood. |
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What is the Lymphatic System and what does it do? |
The thoracic duct, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels. It picks up fluid leaked from blood, disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream, and houses white blood cells involved in immunity. |
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What is the Respiratory System and what does it do? |
The Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchus, and Lungs. It keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide. |
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What is the Digestive System and what does it do? |
The oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. It breaks food down into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells. Indigestible foods are eliminated as feces. |
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What is the Urinary System and what does it do? |
The kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra. It eliminates nitrogen-containing wastes from the body and regulated the water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood. |
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What are the 8 functions needed to maintain life? |
Maintaining Boundaries Movement Responsiveness Digestion Metabolism Excretion Reproduction Growth |
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What does it mean for your body to maintain boundaries? |
Skin protects from environment and organs have membranes to protect from unnecessary and potentially harmful substances. |
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What is responsiveness? |
The ability to sense changes in the environment and react to them. |
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What is metabolism? |
All chemical reactions that occur within body cells. |
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What are the 5 basic survival needs? |
Nutrients Oxygen Water Normal Body Temperature Atmospheric Pressure |
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What is homeostasis? |
The body's ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions despite constantly changing external conditions. |
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What is the order of the 3 homeostatic controls? |
1. Receptor detects change and sends it to control center via the afferent pathway.
2. Control center recieves information, analyses it, and sends the appropriate response to the effector via the efferent pathway.
3. The effector either uses negative feedback or positive feedback. |
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What's the difference between negative feedback and positive feedback? |
Both are homeostatic control mechanisms.
Negative feedback (more common) shuts off the original stimulus that caused the imbalance or at least reduces its intensity. Ex. Body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate.
Positive feedback (less common) increases the original stimulus that caused the imbalance. Ex. Blood clotting and giving birth. |
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What does superior/cranial mean? |
Towards the head. |
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What does inferior/caudal mean? |
Towards the foot. |
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What does ventral/anterior mean? |
Towards the front of the body. |
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What does dorsal/posterior mean? |
Towards the back of the body. |
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What does medial mean? |
Towards the midline of the body |
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What does Lateral mean? |
Away from the midline of the body. |
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What does intermediate mean? |
Between a more lateral and a more medial structure. |
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What does proximal mean? |
Close to the origin of the body part. |
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What does distal mean? |
Farther from the origin of the body part. |
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What does superficial/external mean? |
Toward or at the body surface. |
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What does deep/internal mean? |
Away from the body surface, more internal |
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What is the abdominal? |
The anterior/ventral body trunk inferior to the ribs. |
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What is the crural? |
The anterior/ventral leg under the knee. |
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What is the deltoid? |
The anterior/ventral curve of the shoulder formed by large deltoid muscle. |
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What is a digital? |
A finger or toe. |
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What is the femoral? |
The thigh (both anterior/ventral and posterior/dorsal). |
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What is the fibular? |
The lateral part of the leg. |
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What is the frontal? |
The forehead. |
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What is the inguinal/groin? |
The place where the thigh meets the body trunk. |
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What is the mental? |
The chin. |
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What is the nasal? |
The nose area. |
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What is the oral? |
The mouth. |
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What is the acromial? |
The point of the shoulder (both anterior/ventral and posterior/dorsal) |
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What is the orbital? |
The eye area. |
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What is the antebrachial? |
The forearm (both anterior/ventral and posterior/dorsal) |
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What is the antecubital? |
The anterior/ventral surface of the elbow. |
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What is the axillary? |
The armpit. |
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What is the brachial? |
The arm (both anterior/ventral and posterior/dorsal). |
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What is the buccal? |
The cheek area. |
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What is the carpal? |
The wrist. |
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What is the cervical? |
The neck (both anterior/ventral and posterior/dorsal). |
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What is the coxal? |
The hip. |
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What is the patellar? |
The anterior/ventral knee. |
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What is the pelvic? |
The anterior/ventral area overlying the pelvis. |
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What is the pubic? |
The genial region. |
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What is the sternal? |
Between the breasts in the thoracic region. |
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What is the tarsal? |
The ankle region. |
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What is the thoracic region? |
The chest. |
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What is the umbilical? |
The navel. |
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What is the calcaneal? |
The posterior/dorsal heel of the foot. |
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What is the cephalic? |
The head. (both anterior/ventral and posterior/dorsal) |
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What is the gluteal? |
The posterior/dorsal buttock. |
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What is the lumbar? |
The posterior/dorsal area of back between the ribs and hips. |
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What is the occipital? |
The posterior/dorsal back of head. |
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What is the olecranal? |
The posterior/dorsal surface of the elbow. |
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What is the popliteal? |
The posterior/dorsal knee. |
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What is the sacral? |
The posterior/dorsal area between the hips. |
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What is the scapular? |
The shoulder blade/wing area. |
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What is the sural? |
The calf. |
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What is the vertebral? |
The spinal column. |
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What is a sagittal section? |
A cut along the lengthwise plane of the body. (A midsagittal/median section is straight down the middle) (A parasagittal section is any other sagittal cut) |
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What is a frontal/coronal section? |
A cut that divides the object into anterior and posterior parts. |
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What is a transverse section? |
A cut dividing the body into inferior and superior parts. |
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What are the 2 sets of body cavities and their innards? |
The dorsal body cavity contains the cranial and spinal cavities. The ventral body cavity contains the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. |
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What separates the abdominopelvic and thoracic body cavities? |
The diaphragm. |
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What are the 9 regions of the abdominopelvic cavity and where are they located? |
Back (Definition) |
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