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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sum of an organism's chemical processes
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Metabolism
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A series of enzymatically controlled reactions
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Metabolism
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Type of Metabolism that is decomposition
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Catabolism
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Type of Metabolism that is synthesis
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Anabolism
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Complex molecules are broken down into simpler molecules by breaking bonds and releasing energy
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Catabolism
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Simple molecules are combined to build complex molecules which consume energy
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Anabolism
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Ability to do work
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Energy
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Science of energy transformation
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Thermodynamics
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Energy can be transferred or transformed from one form to another but it cannot be created or destroyed
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First Law of Thermodynamics
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Every energy transfer or transformation makes the Universe more disordered
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Second Law of Thermodynamics
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Measure of disorder or randomness
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Entropy
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Difference between energy released when bonds break and that consumed when bonds form
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Heat of reaction
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Heat content of a molecule determined from total potential energy stored in the bonds
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Enthalpy
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The amount of energy that is available to do work
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Free Energy
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Relationship between entropy and enthalpy
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Free Energy
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Indicates IF the reaction will occur spontaneously
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Free Energy
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__________ reactions will occur without additional energy
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Spontaneous reactions
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Powers cellular work by coupling exergonic reactions with endergonic reactions
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ATP
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Made of Adenine, 5-carbon ribose sugar, and 3 phosphate groups
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ATP
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Source of energy to drive cellular work
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ATP
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Proteins which are biological catalyst, end in -ase
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Enzymes
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Lowers activation energy so that the transition state can be reached at cellular temp
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Enzymes
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The breakdown of biological macromolecules is _____
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Exergonic
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Amount of energy that reactant molecules must absorb to start a reaction
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Activation energy
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Chemical agent that accelerates a reaction without being changed itself
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Catalyst
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Unstable condition when reactants have absorbed enough energy to react
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Transition state
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Substance an enzyme reacts on (many end in -ose)
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Substrate
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Area of the enzyme molecule that binds to the substrate; like a pocket or groove; determines enzymes specificity
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Active site
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A substrate binds to the active site of enzyme forming an _______
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Enzyme substrate complex
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Substrate + enzyme -----------> ______
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Enzyme substrate complex
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Enzyme substrate complex ------> ______
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Product + unchanged enzyme
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Starch + Amylase -----> ____
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Starch Amylase complex
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Starch Amylase complex ----->
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Glucose + amylase
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Area of the enzyme that binds to the substrate
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Active site
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Pieces all fit like a puzzle - enzyme action theory
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Lock and key
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Substrate causes (induces) a slight change in the shape of the R groups of the enzyme's active site which catalyzes the conversion of the substrate chemical bonds so it can "fit" - enzyme action theory
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Induced fit
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Higher substrate concentration makes reactions faster or slower?
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Faster
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When the enzyme becomes saturated the enzyme will?
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The enzyme will slow or stop depending on how fast the active site catalyzes conversion of substrate to products
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Human enzymes are normally at this temperature
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35-40 Celsius
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"Enzyme helpers", small non-protein molecule required for proper enzyme catalyst
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Cofactors
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