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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are some of the ways the skin performs it's main function? (protection)
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* Insulates & cushions
* Protects from mechanical, chemical, thermal & bacterial damage * Prevents water loss * Regulates heat loss |
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What are other functions of the skin (aside from protection)?
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* Excretion
* Metabolism * Cutaneous sense |
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What are the main regions of the skin?
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* Epidermis (superficial)
* Dermis Hypodermis/superficial fascia is right below the dermis, but not considered part of the skin. |
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What two types of tissue is the skin made of?
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Epithelial and connective
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Define the epidermis structurally.
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* Avascular
* Keratinized * Stratified squamous epithelium * 4 or 5 distinct layers * 4 cell types |
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Describe keratin
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Fibrous protein that gives the epidermis its durability and protective capabilities
Most abundant epidermal cell. |
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What is a freckle?
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A concentration of melanin in one spot.
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What is a Langerhans' cell?
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A phagocytic cell found in the epidermis that plays a role in immunity.
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What are Merkel cells?
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Together with sensory nerve endings, they form sensitive touch receptors called Merkel discs.
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What are the five layers of the epidermis?
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Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum Stratum granulosum Stratum lucidum Stratum corneum (deep to superficial) |
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Which layer of the epidermis has cells that are constantly undergoing mitotic cell division?
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Stratum basale (stratum 'germinativum')
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Which two layers of the epidermis receive adequate nutrition via diffusion from the dermis?
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Stratum basale & stratum spinosum.
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Which layer of the epidermis is NOT present in regions of thin skin?
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The stratum lucidum.
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Which epidermal layer has 20 to 30 cell layers?
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Stratum corneum.
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Dermis is which type of tissue?
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Dense irregular connective tissue.
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What are the two layers of the dermis?
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Papillary and reticular (from superficial to deep)
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What is responsible for finger prints?
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The dermal papillae (of the papillary layer of the dermis). They attach the dermis to the epidermis.
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What are Pacinian corpuscles?
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Pressure receptors found in the reticular layer of the dermis.
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What are Meissner's corpuscles?
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Pain and touch receptors found in the papillary layer of the dermis.
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What leads to wrinkling in old age?
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The number of elastic fibers decreases and the subcutaneous layer loses fat.
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What happens to the skin in a cool enviroment?
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The arterioles constrict so that blood bypasses the dermal capillary networks temporarily.
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What three things is skin color a result of?
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The amount of melanin and carotene in the skin, and the degree of oxygenation of the blood.
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Where are hairs NOT found on the human body?
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Thick-skinned areas, parts of external genitalia, nipples, lips.
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What are the two types of cutaneous glands?
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Sebaceous and sweat
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What are eccrine glands?
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Sweat glands that produce clear perspiration of water, salts & urea. They are important in heat regulation.
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What are apocrine glands?
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Sweat glands that secrete a milky protein & fat rich substance. Found primarily in the axillary & genital areas. Like pheromone glands of other animals.
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