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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
cytology
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study of cell structure
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cell Physiology
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cell function
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histology
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study of anatomy of tissues
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Robert Hooke
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compound microscope, cork slices, called box like structures cells
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Leeuwenhoek
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First to observe living cells
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cell theory
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Rudolph Virchow, "all cells come from cells"(cells reproduce), all organisms made of cells, cells smallest living things/basic units of life
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prokaryote
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No nucleus, bacteria, single celled organisms, no organelles, less complex
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eukaryote
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Nucleus
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General cell structure
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nucleus, cytoplasm (cytosol: holds organelles, organelles), plasma membrane
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nucleus
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control center, contains genes, double membrane, pores allow macromolecules to pass through, chromatins (DNA bound to proteins)
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lysosome
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gets rid of toxins, digest macromolecules
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mitochondria
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produce energy, smooth outer membrane, folded inner membrane (christae) encloses mitochondrial matrix
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fluid mosaic model
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fluid (molecules move past each other within membrane)
Mosaic (mix of molecular components) |
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plasma membrane
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flexible, sturdy barrier, contains cytoplasm, selectively permeable, phospholipid bilayer
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passive transport
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No energy, movement across membrane, eg. simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion
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simple diffusion
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diffusion through membrane, selective permeability, diffusion requires concentration gradient, water and lipid soluble molecules move freely, others may move through specific channels
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facilitated diffusion
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No energy, transport molecules used, integral proteins, diffuse down concentration gradient
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factors affecting diffusion
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increase temp, greater concentration gradient, larger surface area, particle size, time
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osmosis
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diffusion of water from area of low solute concentration to higher solute concentration, polar molecules use aquaporin channels (AQP)
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isotonic
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same, most optimal
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hypotonic
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low, cell swells or bursts (hemolysis)
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hypertonic
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high, sell shrinks (crenation)
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active transport
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Some can't passively cuz too big or against gradient, energy needed, exo and endocytosis
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exocytosis
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transport outside cell
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endocytosis
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transport inside cell
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cytoplasm
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cytosol, mostly water, carbs, lipids, and inorganic substances, metabolic reactions occur
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ribosome
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protein synthesis, free (cytoplasm) and bound (er), rRNA
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nuclear envelope
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lined by nuclear lamina ( filaments: maintain shape)
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chromatin organization
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When cell prepares to divide, chromatins coil to Form chromosomes
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er
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membrane connected tubes, rough and smooth
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smooth er
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lacks ribosomes, enzymes synthesizes lipids and detoxify, metabolic processes,
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rough er
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ribosomes, synthesize proteins, secretion of proteins, membrane factory
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golfing complex
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delivery, separates proteins and lipids from er, modifies, and packages in vesicles
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cytoskeleton
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network of fibers, organizes structures, microtubules (large hollow tubes), intermediate filaments (medium), microfilaments (small, actin), structural support, maintains shape, dynamic (allows changes of shape)
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centrosomes
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In cytoplasm, contains centrioles, spindle fibers for division
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microtubules
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Central structural supports in cilia and flagella, propell
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cilia
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cell surface, large number, propell substancez along surface
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flagella
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one, longer, propell through (sperm)
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