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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Afferent Aterirole
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An arteriole that carries blood to a glomerulus of the kidney
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Albuminuria
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presence of albumin in the urine
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Aldosterone
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a mineralocorticoid produced by the zone glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex; stimulates sodium and water conservation at the kidneys; secreted in response to the presence of angiotensin II
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Angiotensinogen
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the blood protein produced by the liver that is converted to angiotensin I by the enzyme renin
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Arcuate
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Curving
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Bilirubin
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a pigment that is the by-product of hemoglobin catabolism
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Carbonic Annhydrase
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an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction H2O+CO2>H2CO3 important in carbon dioxide transport, gastric acid secretion, and renal PH regulation
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Catheter
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a tube surgicaly inserted into the body cavity or along a blood vessel to excretory passageway for the collection of body fluids, monitoring of blood pressure, or introduction of medications or radiographic dyes
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Convoluted
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rolled, coiled, or twisted
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Countercurrent Multiplication
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active transport between two limbs of a loop that contains a fluid moving in one direction, responsible for the concentration of urine in the kidney tubules
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Creatine
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a nitrogenous compound, synthesized in the body, that can form a high-energy bond by connecting to a phosphate group and that serves as an energy reserve
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Creatinine
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a brakedown product of creatine metabolism
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Deamination
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the removal of an amino group from an amino acid
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Detrusor Muscle
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a smooth muscle in the wall of the urinary bladder
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Diabetes Insipidus
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polyuria due to inadequate production of antidiuretic hormone
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Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
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the portion of the nephron closest to the connecting tubules and collecting duct, an important site of active secretion
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Diuresis
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fluid loss at the kidneys; the production of urine
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Diuretics
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drugs or foods that promote loss of water
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Efferent Arteriole
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an arteriole carrying blood away from a glomerulus of the kidney
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Escherichia Coli
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a normal bacterial resident of the large intestine
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Extracellular Fluid
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all body fluids other then that contained with in cells, includes plasma and interstitial fluid
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Flitration Pressure
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the hydrostatic pressure responsible for filtration
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Glomerular Capsule
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double walled cuplike end of a renal tubule, encloses a glomerulus; also called Bowman's capsule
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Glomerular Filtration Rate
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the rate of filtration formation at the glomerulus
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Glomerulus
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a knot of coiled capillaries in the kidney; forms filtrate
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Glycosuria
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the presence of glucose in the urine
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Hematuria
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The presence of abnormal numbers of red blood cells in urine
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Hydrostatic Pressure
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fluid pressure
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Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
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a macula densa and the juxtaglomerular cells, a complex responsible for the release of renin and erythropoietin
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Kidney
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a component of the urinary system; an organ functioning in the regulation of plasma composition, including the excretion of wastes and the maintenance of normal fluid and electrolyte balances
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Loop of Henle
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the portion of the nephron that creates the concentration gradient in the renal medulla
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Macula Densa
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a group od specialized secretory cells that is located in a portion of the distal convoluted tubule, adjacent to the glomerulus and the juxtaglomerular cells, a component of the juxtaglomerular apparatus
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Micturition
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urination, or voiding, emptying the bladder
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Nephrons
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structural and functional units of the kidney
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Nitrogenous Wastes
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organic waste products of metabolism that contain nitrogen, such as urea, uric acid, and creatinine
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Osmoreceptor
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a structure sensitive to osmotic pressure or concentration of a solution
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Peritubular Capillaries
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a network of capillaries that surrounds the proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the kidneys
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Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
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the portion of the nephron that is situated between Bowman's capsule and the loop of Henle; the major site of active reabsorption form filtrate
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Pyelonephritis
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an inflammation of the kidney pelvis and surrounding kidney tissues
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Renal Corpuscle
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the initial portion of the nephron, consisting of an expanded chamber that encloses the glomerulus
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Ureters
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tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the bladder
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Urethra
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the canal through which urine passes from the bladder to the outside of the body
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Urinary Bladder
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the muscular, distensible sac that stores urine prior to micturition
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Urine
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filtrate containing waste and excess ions excreted by the kidneys
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micturition
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: urination, or voiding; emptying the bladder
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Diuretics
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drugs or foods that promote loss of water
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Afferent ateriole
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an arteriole that carries blood to a glomerulus of the kidney
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bilirubin
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a pigment that is the by-product of hemoglobin catabolism
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countercurrent multiplication
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active transport between two limbs of a loop that contains a fluid moving in one direction; responsible for the concentration of urine in the kidney tubules
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deamination
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the removal of an amino group from an amino acid
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efferent arterioles:
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arterioles carrying blood away from a glomerulus of the kidney
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escherichia coli:
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a normal bacterial resident of the large intestine
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extracellular fluid:
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all body fluids other than that contained within cells; includes plasma and interstitial fluid
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filtration pressure
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the hydrostatic pressure responsible for filtration
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glomerular filtration rate:
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the rate of filtrate formation at the glomerulus
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hematuria:
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the presence of abnormal numbers of red blood cells in urine
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hydrostatic pressure
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fluid pressure
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nephrons
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structural and functional units of the kidney
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nitrogenous waste:
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organic waste product of metabolism that contains nitrogen, such as urea, uric acid, and creatinine
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osmoreceptor
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a structure sensitive to osmotic pressure or concentration of a solution
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proximal convoluted tubule (PCT
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the portion of the nephron that is situated between Bowman’s capsule and the loop of Henle; the major site of active reabsorption from filtrate
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diuresis
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fluid loss at the kidneys; the production of urine
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glomerulus
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a knot of coiled capillaries in the kidney; forms filtrate
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loop of Henle
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the portion of the nephron that creates the concentration gradient in the renal medulla
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Aorta>Renal Artery>segmental artery> lobar artery>interlobar artery>arcuate artery>interlobular artery>afferent arteriole>glomerulus
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Efferent arteriole>peritubular capillaries> interlobular vein> arcuate vein>interlobar vein>renal vein> inferior vena cava
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