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119 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
abstraction
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formation of an idea, as of the qualities or properties of a thing, by mental separation from particular instances or material objects
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aesthetic
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sensitive to art and beauty; showing good taste; artistic
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allegory
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a story in which people, things, and happenings have a hidden or symbolic meaning: allegories are used for teaching or explaining ideas, moral principles, etc.
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alliteration
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repetition of an initial sound, usually of a consonant or cluster, in two or more words of a phrase, line of poetry, etc.
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allusion
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an indirect reference; casual mention
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ambiguity
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the quality or state of being vague
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analogy
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similarity in some respects between things otherwise unlike; partial resemblance
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anaphora
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repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses, lines of verse, etc.
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anastrophe
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reversal of the usual order of the parts of a sentence; inversion (Ex.: “Came the dawn”)
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anecdote
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a short, entertaining account of some happening, usually personal or biographical
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antecedent
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going or coming before in time, order, or logic; prior; previous; preceding
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antithesis
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a contrast or opposition of thoughts, usually in two phrases, clauses, or sentences (Ex.: you are going; I am staying)
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ethos appeal
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convincing by the character of the author
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pathos appeal
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persuading by appealing to the reader's emotions
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logos appeal
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means persuading by the use of reasoning
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aphorism
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a concise statement of a principle
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apostrophe
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the addressing of a usually absent person or a usually personified thing rhetorically
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appositive
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a grammatical construction in which two usually adjacent nouns having the same referent stand in the same syntactical relation to the rest of a sentence
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assonance
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relatively close juxtaposition of similar sounds especially of vowels (ex: stony, holy)
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asyndeton
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a style that omits conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses
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atmosphere
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the overall aesthetic effect of a work of art
an intriguing or singular tone, effect or appeal |
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audience
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a group of listeners or spectators
a reading, viewing, or listening public |
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cacophony
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harshness in the sound of words or phrases
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clause
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a syntactic construction containing a subject and predicate
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climax
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the highest or most intense part or point in the development of something
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colloquialism
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characteristic of ordinary or familiar conversation or writing rather than formal
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concession
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to acknowledge as true, just, or proper
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concrete
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constituting on an actual thing or instance; real; perceptible
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connotation
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the associated or secondary meaning of a word or expression
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deductive reasoning
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to derive as a conclusion from something known or assumed; infer
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denotation
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the literal or dictionary definition of a term, regardless of symbolism
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detail
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an individual or minute part; an item or particular
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dialect
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a provincial, rural, or socially distinct variety of a language that differs from the standard language
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diction
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style of speaking or writing as dependent upon choice of words; word choice
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didactic
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intended for instructions, instructive
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dramatic monologue
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a poetic form in which a single character, addressing a silent auditor at a critical moment, reveals himself or herself and the dramatic situation
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elegiac
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sad or sorrowful; representing a sad poem
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ellipsis
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omitting one or more words that would have completed or clarified a sentence
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enthymeme
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a syllogism or other argument in which the conclusion is not expressed
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epigraph
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a motto or quote at the beginning of a literary composition that sets forth a theme
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epistrophe
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the repetition of a word or words at the end of two or more successive verbs, clauses, or sentences
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euphemism
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the substitution of a mild, indirect, or vague expression for one thought to be offensive, harsh, or blunt
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euphony
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agreeableness of sounds; pleasing effect to the ear
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extended metaphor
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a metaphor that is extended through a stanza or entire poem, often by multiple comparisons of unlike objects or ideas
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figurative language
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speech or writing that departs from literal meaning in order to achieve a special effect or meaning
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figure of speech
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any expressive use of language in which words are used in other than their literal sense
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generalization
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the act of inferring from particular facts, statistics, or the like
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generic convection
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features shown by texts that allow them to be put into a specific genre
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genre
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A class or category of artistic endeavor having a particular form, content, technique, or the like
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homily
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an inspirational saying or cliché
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hyperbole
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an exaggeration
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hypotactic sentence
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A sentence containing phrases or clauses arranged in dependent or subordinate relationships
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idiolect
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a person’s individual speech pattern
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idiom
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an expression whose meaning is not predictable from usual or literal meanings
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imagery
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the formation of mental images, figures, or likenesses of things, or of such images collectively
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inductive reasoning
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reasoning from detailed facts to general principles; generalization
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inference
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to conclude something even if it’s not logically derivable
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inflection
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the process or device of adding affixes to or changing the shape of a base to give it a different tense or function without changing its meaning or relationship to other words
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invective
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vehement or violent denunciation, censure, or reproach
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verbal irony
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a figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant
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situation irony
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an outcome that turns out to be very different from what was expected
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dramatic irony
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where a situation of a drama is understood by the audience but not the characters in the play
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juxtaposition
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an act or instance of placing close together or side by side for comparison or contrast
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logical fallacies
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an error of reasoning
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loose sentence
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a sentence that doesn’t end with the completion of its main clause, but continues with one or more subordinate clauses or other modifiers
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metaphor
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a figure of speech in which a term or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another to make an implicit comparison
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metonymy
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a figure of speech that consists of the use of the name of one object or concept that of another to which is related, or of which it is a part
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mood
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a prevailing emotional tone or general attitude
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motif
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a recurring subject, theme, idea, etc, especially in a literary, artistic, or musical work
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narrative
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a story or account of events, experiences, or the like, whether true or fictitious
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onomatopoeia
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the formation of a word by imitation of the sound made
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oxymoron
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a figure of speech by where two contrasting words are put together to make a seemingly self-contradictory effect
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pacing
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based largely on syntax, the movement of a literary piece from one point to another
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paradox
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a statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth
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parallelism
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Likeness, correspondence, or similarity in aspect, course, or tendency
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paratactic sentences
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short, simple sentences, without the use of coordinating or subordinating conjunctions
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parenthetical expression
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an expression in parentheses that is inserted into the flow of thought
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parody
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humorous or satirical imitation of a serious piece of literature or writing
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pedantic
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writing that borders on lecturing- scholarly and academic and often overly difficult
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periodic sentence
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a sentence that places the main idea or central complete thought at the end of the sentence, after all introductory elements
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persona
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the narrator of or a character in a literary work, sometimes identified with the author
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personification
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to make an inanimate object or abstract notions have an attribute of personal nature or character
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point of view
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the position of the narrator in relation to the story; the narrator’s outlook from which the events are depicted and the attitude toward the characters
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portmanteau
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to blend sounds from two or more distinct words and combining their meanings to form a new word
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polysyndeton
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the repetition of conjunctions in close succession for rhetorical effect
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predicate adjective
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an adjective following a linking verb that describes the subject
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predicate nominative
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a noun or pronoun that follows a linking verb and refers to the same person or thing as the subject of the verb
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prose
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the ordinary form of spoken or written language, without metrical structure, as distinguished from poetry or verse
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pun
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the humorous use of a word or phrase so as to emphasize or suggest its different meanings or applications, or the use of words that are alike or nearly alike in sound but different in meaning; a play on words
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repetition
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The act or process of repeating or being repeated
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rhetoric
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one of the arts of using vocation as a means to entertain or persuade
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rhetorical modes
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strategies or methods for presenting subjects through writing or speech
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rhetorical question
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a question asked for rhetorical effect to emphasize a point; no answer is expected
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rhetorical situation
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the triangle created by the speaker/writer, the audience, and the occasion; affects what is said or written
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sarcasm
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a type of verbal, caustic, and bitter ironical expression of strong and personal disapproval intended to hurt.
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satire
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a work that reveals a critical attitude toward some element of human behavior by portraying it in an extreme way, usually targeting groups or large concepts rather than individuals to inspire change
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scheme
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a plan, design, or program of action to be followed; an underhand plot
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semantics
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the study of meaning
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shift
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A systematic change of the phonetic or phonemic structure of a language
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simile
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a figure of speech in which two unlike things are explicitly compared
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stream of consciousness
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where the thoughts and feelings of a character are presented as they occur
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voice
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the choices in diction, tone, and syntax that a writer makes
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subject complement
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a word or a group of words, that usually functioning as an adjective or noun in the place of a predicate. It describes or is identified with the subject of the sentence
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subordinate clause
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a clause that modifies the principal clause or some part of it or that serves a noun function in the principal clause
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syllogism
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an extremely subtle, sophisticated, or deceptive argument; deductive reasoning
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symbol/symbolism
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something used for or regarded as representing something else; a material object representing something, often something immaterial
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synecdoche
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a figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole or the whole for a part, the special for the general or the general for the special
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synesthesia
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A condition in which one type of stimulation evokes the sensation of another, as when the hearing of a sound produces the visualization of a color
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syntax
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the study of the patterns of formation of sentences and phrases from words
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theme
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a subject of discourse, discussion, meditation, or composition; topic
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thesis
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a proposition stated or put forward for consideration, esp. one to be discussed and proved or to be maintained against objections
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tone
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a writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter
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transition
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movement, passage, or change from one position, state, stage, subject, concept, etc., to another; change
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tropes
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A figure of speech using words in nonliteral ways, such as a metaphor
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understatement
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lack of emphasis in expression, as for rhetorical effect
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vernacular
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expressed or written in the native language of a place, as literary works
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voice
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an expressed opinion or choice
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wit
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speech or writing showing such perception and expression
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zeugma
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the use of a word to modify or govern two or more words when it is appropriate to only one of them or is appropriate to each but in a different way
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