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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Realpolitik
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Literally "the politics of reality", in practice the politics of deviousness
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Louis Napoleon
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French president (1848-1852) and Emperor Napoleon III (1852-1870) who was defeated by Prussia in 1871 and fled to England where he died in 1873
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Second Empire
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Napoleon III's government after becoming emperor (1852-1870)
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Baron Haussmann
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Napoleons III's aid who helped to redesign Paris
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Archduke Maximilian of Austria
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Made emperor of Mexico in 1864 bye Napoleon III who wanted to dominate Mexico. He was defeated by liberal Mexican forces on May 5, 1867 (Cinco de Mayo) and executed.
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Ottoman Empire
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Muslim Emperor with its capital in Istanbul, it had become "the sick man of Europe" by the 1800's
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Crimea
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Peninsula in the Black Sea
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Crimean War
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1853-1856 Russia tries to occupy areas vacated by Ottoman Empire but Brittan France and Ottoman's Prevent it
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The Danish War
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1864 war in which Prussian and Austria defeated Denmark after it seized the "German"areas of Schleswig and Holenstein
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Alexander II
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Became Tsar of Russia after Alexander I's death in 1855
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North German Confederation
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Prussian-dominated union created by Bismarck after the Austro-Prussian War
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Savoy
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Royal house of Piedmont
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The Austro-Prussian War
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1866 Bismarck goads Austria in to a war over Schleswig and Holstein in order to replace Austria ad the main power in Northern Germany
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King Victor Emmanuel II
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King of Piedmont (1849-1878) who eventually unified Italy
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Count Cavour
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Victor Emmanuel's prime minister after 1852 who was the architect of Italian unification
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Magenta and Solferino
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Victories by the Italians and French over the Austrians in 1859
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Garibaldi
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Italian nationalist whose Red Shirts unified souther Italy the "gave" it to Piedmont in 1860
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Kingdom of Italy
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Created 1871 with King Victor Emmanuel II in charge
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Sevastopal
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Major Russian defeat in Crimean War in 1855
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Florence Nightingale
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British nurse during the Crimean War
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Piedmont
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AKA Piedmont-Sardinia, Norther Italian state that eventually unified Italy
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King Charles Albert I
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King of Piedmont (until 1849)
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Zollverein
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a "German" customs union created by Prussia in 1834 to unite "Germany" economically
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King William I
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AKA Kaiser Wilhelm I, Prussian king (1861-1888) who would become the King of Germany in 1871
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Bismarch
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Prussian "realpolitik" chancellor (1862-1890) and architect of German unification in 1871
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Hohenzollern
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Royal family of Prussia
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Ems Telegram
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Bismark-altered telegram which goaded France into declaring war with Prussia over Prussia's suggestion to that Leopold be placed on the Spanish throne
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Franco-Prussian War
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1870-1871 Prussia defeats France, Napoleon II is captured and the Second French Empire collapses
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Second German Empire
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Created in 1871 when Prussian King William I is made Kaiser Wilhelm I
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Alexander von Bach
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Austrian minister who centralized authority after the 1848-1849 revolutions
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Augsgleich
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AKA compromise of 1867 when Austria granted limited independence to Hungary thus creating the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary
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Tsar Alexander II
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Tsar of Russia from 1855-1881, he liberalized Russia by granting limited local autonomy (zemstvos) reforming the laws, and emancipating the serfs (in 1861) but was assassinated by radicals in 1881.
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Herzen
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Radical Russian writer whose slogan "Land and Freedom" appealed to many liberal reformers who founded the movement called Populism.
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People's Will
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Radical Russian organization that assassinated Tsar Alexander II in 1881.
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Queen Victoria
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British monarch from 1837-1901 whose rein was known as the Victorian Age
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Lord Palmerston
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aka Henry John Temple, Whig PM of England 1855-1865 who resisted extending the franchise
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Liberals
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New name for the Whig party which began being used aroun 1860
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Conservatives
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New name for the Tory party which began being used around 1860
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Disraeli
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British conservative leader from the 1860s-1881
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Reform Act
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1867 British law that doubled the franchise and is regarded as the high point of British liberalism
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Gladston
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First liberal PM of Britian 1868-1874 who made many liberal reforms including civil service exams to eliminate patronage, the secret ballot, and the elimination of purchasing military commissions.
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Proletariat
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Technical term for urban industrial working class
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Karl Marx
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Radical author (w/Engles) of "The Communist Manifesto" 1848 and "Das Kapital" which outlined his belief in a post-capitalist society that would eventually emerge. This post-capitalist order was called communism.
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Engles
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Radical British author of "The Conditions of the Working Class" 1844 who also wrote with Marx.
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Communist League
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1840s organization devoted to destroying capitalism and bringing about communism
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Hegel's Dialectic
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German Philosopher Hegel's idea that all change in history is the result of conflicts between opposing ideas
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Class Struggle
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Central theme in "communist Manifesto" that the working and owning classes are in opposition
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International Working Men's Asociation
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aka The First International - It was formed in 1864 to help bring about the Communist Revolution. Marx was a leading member but it fell apart in 1872
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Pasteur
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French chemist & creator of the germ theory who also created the process of destroying bad organisms in food called Pasteurization
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Medeleyev
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Russian chemist of the 1860s who created the periodic table
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Faraday
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English scientist who laid foundation for use of electricity
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Materialism
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The idea that everything is ultimately about physical (ie material) forces - not mystical forces
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Darwin
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British author of "On The Origin of Species" 1859 & "The Descent of Man" 1871 which put forth the theory of evolution and natural selection (ie "survival of the fittest")
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Lister
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British doctor who developed the antiseptic principal
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Comte
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French scientist whose "System of Positive Philosophy: created the field of socialogy
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Realism
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Artistic movement of the 1800s that rejected Romantic heroes and embraced ordinary characters from life
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Flaubert
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French realist novelist & author of "Mademe Bovary" 1857
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Thackeray
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British realist novelist & author of "Vanity Fair" 1848
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Dickens
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Most famous British realist novelist
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Courbet
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French realist painter
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Millet
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French realist painter
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New German School
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Post-Romantic school of musical composition which used music to depict literary or pictorial ideas
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Liszt
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German New School composer
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Wagner
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German New School composer and ardent German nationalist whose "Gesamtkunstwerk" (total art work) revolutionized opera
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