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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Frontal/ coronal plane |
Front section of the body when divided into planes |
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Retroperitoneal organs |
Kidneys, pancreas, duodenum, rectum, bladder, ascending colon, descending colon |
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Cross Section |
A tissue specimen cut along the transverse plane |
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Two Main Body Cavities |
1. Anterior/ ventral cavity |
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2 cavities within anterior cavity |
1. Upper thoracic cavity |
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2 cavities within posterior cavity |
1. cranial |
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9 Abdominal regions |
1. epigastric |
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7 things a cell is composed of |
1. nucleus 3. ribosomes 4. centriole 5. endoplasmic reticulum 6. golgi apparatus 7. lysosomes |
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Diffusion |
A process whereby gas, liquid, or solid molecules distribute themselves evenly through a membrane |
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Osmosis |
Process of diffusion of water of another solvent through a selective permeable membrane, one through which some solutes can pass but others cannot |
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Filtration |
The movement of solutes and water across a semipermeable membrane as a result of force such as gravity or blood pressure |
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Active transport |
low concentration ---> high concentration |
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Pinocytosis |
Cell drinking |
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Main elements |
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen |
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Ph |
0-6.9 Acid, paper will turn red 7.1-14 Bases, paper will turn blue |
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Stages of mitosis |
Prophase: chromosomes condense. Spindle fibers form between centrioles, which move toward opposite poles Anaphase: sister chomatids separate and move to opposite poles Telophase: chomatids arrive at each pole, a new nuclear membrane forms. Cell division begins. |
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Syndrome |
group of features |
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Klinefelter's syndrome |
chromosome abnormality; penis and testicles fail to mature fully. Caused by one or more extra X chromosome. |
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Talipes |
Clubfoot |
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Turner's syndrome |
Affects newborn females; short stature, webbing of the neck, a low hairline, a wide chest with broadly spaced nipples, poor breast development, and underdevelopment of the genitalia |
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4 main types of tissue |
1. Epithelial (covers the surface of the body) 4. Nerve |
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2 main divisions of nervous system |
1. central nervous system (CNS)
2. peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
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schwann cells |
form a tight protective covering called the myelin sheath |
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2 coverings of a neuron |
1. Myelin sheath |
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Peripheral nervous system includes how many nerves? |
12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves |
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Ganglion |
The bulge on the posterior root containing the sensory nerve cell bodies |
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2 divisions of the autonomic system |
The autonomic system "fight or flight" is part of the peripheral nervous system 1. Sympathetic division, accelerates |
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Fissures |
ridges and furrows that are deep that cover the brain |
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Longitudinal fissure |
deep furrows and fold that divide the brain into two hemispheres |
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Sulci |
Shallow ridges that cover the brain |
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Convolutions |
elevated ridges between the sulci |
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Lobes of Cerebrum |
1. frontal lobe: emotions, personality |
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Brainstem |
medulla oblongata: autonomic nervous system pons: breathing, chewing, tasting, and saliva |
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3 layers that make up the meninges |
1. pia mater (delicate) 3. dura mater (outer) |
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Electroencephalography (EEG) |
a brain wave test that measures the brains electrical signal, both normal and abnormal |
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Myelography |
Instilled a dye to outline the spinal structures on x-ray |
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Types of epilepsy |
Petit mal: seizures that are of short duration and mild Grand mal: last up to 5 min w/ convulsions, loss of control of bodily functions, and unconsciousness |
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Meningitis |
Characterized by high fever, chills, headache, vomiting, and specifically by positive Brudzinski's and Kernig's signs |
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Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) |
characterized by symptoms such as double vision, slurred speech, dizziness, staggering gait, weakness, numbness, and falling. warning sign of impending thrombotic CVA (Stroke) |
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Bones that make up middle ear |
Malleus (hammer) Incus (anvil) Stapes (stirrup) |
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Accommodation |
Focusing of lens for near or far vision by ciliary body |
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7 senses of touch |
1. cold 3. pain 4. pressure 5. tickle 6. touch 7. traction |
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Meniere's disease |
characterized by the severe vertigo and tinnitus (ringing in the ears) |
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Candidiasis |
fungal infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth or throat. Cream color or white patches that can't be scrapped off (thrush) |
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5 important functions of the skin |
1. protection 2. perception 3. temp control 4. absorption 5. excretion |
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Alopecia 2 types |
loss of hair 1. scarring alopecia, irreversible 2. nonscarring alopecia, usually reversible |
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Furnuncles |
boils |
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Carbuncles |
begin as a nodule, then enlarges to involve several adjacent hair follicles |
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Herpes zoster |
shingels |
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Impetigo |
contagious, superficial skin infection that is usually seen in young children |
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3 types of pediculosis |
1. capitis, head lice 2. corporis, body lice 3. pubis, pubic lice |
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Scabies |
Skin infestation is caused by the itch mite, condition is worst at night |
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Urticaria |
Self-limiting reaction to allergens. |
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Vertebrae of spine |
7 cervical vertebrae 12 thoracic 5 lumbar sacrum coccyx |
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Fractures of bone |
1. greenstick (incomplete) 2. closed (simple, complete) 3. open (compound) 4. impacted (pushed into each other) 5. comminuted (small pieces) 6. spiral (around the bone) |
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6 functions of the skeleton |
1. support the body 2. provide framework 3. serve to protect the body's vital organs 4. bones are the points of attachment for skeletal muscles 5. give shape to the body 6. formation of the red and white blood cells and the platelets |
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articulation |
the place where two or more bony parts join together |
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Osteoarthiritis |
progressive deterioration of joint cartilage |
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Gout |
associated with another disease, such as leukemia or because of cell destruction by chemotherapy (elevated uric acid in blood) |
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Epicondylitis |
inflammation of the forearm extensor tendon at its attachment to the humerus |
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Subluxation |
partial or incomplete dislocation of the articulating surfaces at the joints |