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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
political socialization
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the process, most notably in families and schools, by which we develoo our political attitudes, values, and beliefs
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attitudes
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an individual's propensity to perceive, interpret, or act toward a particular object in a particular way
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selective exposure
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individuals choosing to access media with which they agree or avoiding media with which they disagree
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deliberation
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the idea of people coming together, listening to each other, exchanging ideas, learning to appreciate each other's differenced, and defending their opinions
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social capital
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the value of social contacts, associations, and networks individuals form which can foster trust, coordination, and cooperation
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atrentive public
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citizens who follow public affairs carefully; approximately 25% of public
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public opinion
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the distribution of individual preferences for or evaluations of a given issue, candidate, or institution within a specific population
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random sample
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in the type of sample every individual has a known and equal chance of being selected
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margin of error
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the range of percentage points in which the sample accurately reflects the population (about 3% in 1000 people)
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universe
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the group of people whose preferences we try to measure by taking a sample; also called population
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intensity
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a measure of how strongly an individual holds a particular opinion
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latency
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political opinions that are held but not yet expressed
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manifest opinion
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a widely shared and consciously held view, such as support for abortion rights or for homeland security
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salience
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an individual's belief that an issue is important or relevant to him or her
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political ideology
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a constant pattern of ideas or beliefs about political values and the role of government, including how it shoukd work and how it actually does work
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liberalism
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a belief that government can bring about justice and equality of opportunity
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conservatism
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a belief in private property rights and free enterprise; want to keep government small, although they support a strong national defense
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social conservative
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focus less on economics and more on morality and lifestyle; favor strong governmental regulations on pornography and drugs; do not support abortion or same-sex marriage rights
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socialism
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governmental system where some of the means of production are controlled by the state and where tge state provides key human welfare services like health care and old age assistance
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communism
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a belief that the state owns property in common for all people and a single political party that repesents the working classes controls the government
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libertarianisn
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would limit government to such vital activities as national defense while fostering individual liberty; oppose all government regulations, even of personal morality (ex: oppose mandatory seat belt laws)
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voter registration
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a system designed to reduce voter fraud by limiting voting to those who have established eligibility to vote by submitting the proper documents, including proof of residency
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general election
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election in which voters elect officeholders
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primary elections
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election in which voters determine party nominees
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presidential election
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election held in year when the president is on the ballot
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midterm election
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election held midway between presidential elections; elect 1/3 of the Senate and all members of House of Representatives
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turnout
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the proportion of the voting age public that votes; sometimes defined as the number of registered voters that vote
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party identification
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an informal and subjective affiliation with a political party that most people acquire in childhood
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candidate appeal
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how voters feel about a candidate's background, personality, leadership ability, and other personal qualities
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prospective issue voting
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voting based on what a candiate pledges to do in the future about an issue if elected
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retrospective issue voting
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holding incumbents, usually the president's party responsible for their records on issues, such as the economy or foreign policy
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