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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Arithmetic Density |
The total number of people divided into one area. |
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Physiological Density |
The number of people per unit of arable land (land suitable for agriculture) |
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Agricultural Density |
The number of farmers per unit of farmland |
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Carrying Capacity |
This is the population level that can be supported, given the quantity of food, water, habitat, and other life infastructure. |
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Population Distribution |
The arrangment of something across the earths surface. |
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Major population concentrations? |
South East Asia, North Africa and South West Asia (Middle East), South Asia, Europe, Sub-Saharan Africa. |
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Doubling Time |
The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase. |
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Population Explosion |
A sudden increase or burst in the population in either a certain geographical area or world wide. |
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Population Pyramid |
Population displayed by age and gender on a bar graph. |
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Cohort |
Population of various age categories in a population pyramid. |
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Baby Boom |
People born in the U.S. between 1946 and 1964 |
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Generation X |
People born in the U.S. between 1965 and 1980 |
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Generation Y |
People born in the U.S. between 1980 and 2001 |
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Crude Birth Rate (CBR) |
Number of live births per year per 1,000 people |
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Crude Death Rate (CDR) |
Number of deaths per year per 1,000 people |
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Rate of Natural Increase (NIR) |
The percentage by which a population grows in a year. |
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Total Fertility Rate |
Average number of children born to woman during her childbearing years. |
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Infant Mortality Rate |
The annual number of deaths of infants under one year of age , compared with the total live births. (High in LDC and low in MDC) |
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Dependency Ratio |
The number of people who are too young or too old to work compared to the number of people in their productive years. |
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Demographic Transition Model |
The four step model that represents where countries are on transitions from a less developed to more developed country. |
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What are the 4 (5) step transition model stages? |
1) Low Growth, Low Stationary. 2) High Growth, Early Expanding. 3) Moderate Growth, Late Expanding. 4) Low Growth, Low Stationary. 5) Negative Growth (not officially a stage) |
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Overpopulation |
Relationship between the number of people on earth, and availability of recources. |
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Underpopulation |
Refers to a sharp drop or decrease in a region's population. |
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Zero Population Growth |
When the crude birth rate equals the crude death rate and the natural increase rate equals zero. |
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Thomas Malthus |
Food production in linear (1,2,3,4...) but human reproduction is geometric (1,2,4...) and we may be outrunning our supplies. |
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Boserup |
Human growth stimulates agricultural intensification. |
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Karl Marx |
Lack of food is due to unequal distribution and human growth is not a problem. |
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Cornucopian Theory |
Earth has an abundance of recources that can never be used up. |
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Neo-Malthusian |
Takes into accoutant two factors that Malthus did not - population growth in LDC's and outstripping of recources other than food. |
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Immigration |
Into a region |
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Emigration |
Out of a region |
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Inter-Continental Movements |
Permanent movement from one country to a different country on the same continent. |
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Intra-Continental Movements |
Permanent from one region of a country across there own borders. |
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Inter-Regional Movements |
Movement within a region, within a country. |
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Push Factors |
Incentives for people to leave a place. |
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Pull Factors |
Attractions that draw migrants to one place. |
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Ravenstein's Laws of Migration |
1) Net Migration to a fraction of a gross migration. 2) The majority of migrants move a short distance. 3) Migrants who move longer distances tend to choose bigger cities. 4) Urban residents are less migratory than inhabitants of rural areas. 5) Families are less likely to migrate than young adults |
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Voluntary Migration |
Movement in which people relocate in response to a percieved oppurtunity. |
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Forced Migration |
People removed from their countries and forced to live in other countries because of war, natural disaster, and government. |
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Friction of Distance |
Spatial interactions will tend to take place over shorter distances; quantity of interaction will decline with distance. |
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Distance Decay |
The diminishing of importance and the eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin. The farther away one group is from another, the less likely the twogroups are to interact. |
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Step Migration |
Migration to a destinition that occurs in stages. |
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Chain Migration |
Migration event in which individuals follow the migratory path of preceding friends and family to an existing community. |
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Counter (return) Migration |
Approximately 75% of migrants will eventually return to there original home. |
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Channelized Migration |
Repetitive pattern of migration not linked to family or ethnicity. |
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Intervening Oppurtunity |
The presences of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractivness of sites farther away. |
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Cyclic Movement |
Movement that has a closed route and is repeated annually or seasonally. |
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Periodic Movement |
Movement that involves temporary, recurrent relocation. |
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Refugees |
People that leave there homes because they are either forced out or enslaved. |
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Most Refugees- |
1) Move without any tangible property than what they can carry. 2) Make their first steps on foot, wagon, bicycle, or boat. 3) Move without the official documents that accompany channeled migration. a) Internal: Displaced within their own country. b) International: Crossed an international boundary during dislocation seeking asylum in a different country. |
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Population Policies |
Expansive, Restrictive, and Eugenic |
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Expansive |
Encourage large families and raise the rate of population growth. |
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Restricitve |
Reduce the rate of natural increase (family planning). |
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Eugenic |
Favor one racial sector of others. |