A&p Lecture Exam 4

Bones held together by fibrous CT

Joints held together by cartilage

Bones held together by ligaments

An immovable joint

Slightly movable joint

Freely movable joint

Sutures, Soundemesos, Gomphoses

Occur only between the bones of the skull

Permits slight movement with more fibrous CT

Example is between the tibia and fibula

Immovable joint

Is cone shaped like a peg and fits into a socket

An example is the teeth in the mandible and maxillae

Synchondroses, Symphyses

The connecting tissue is hyaline cartilage

Example is the epipyseal plate

Slightly movable

Disc of fibrocartilage connects the bones

Example is intervertebral discs

A sleeve like capsule that encloses the synovial cavity

Secreted by synovial membrane

Functions:

Lubrication

Shock absorption

Supplying O2 and nutrients to cartilage

Removing wastes from cartilage

Sac like structures containing synovial fluid that is located between tendons, ligaments, and bones that provides cushion.

Wraps around the tendon and helps reduce friction.

Permits back and forth and side to side movements

Found in intercarpal joints

Produce an opening and closing motions that permints only extension and flexion

Found in knee and elbow

Surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by another bone and a ligament

Causes rotational rotational movement

Oval projection of one joint fits into the oval depression of another

Permits flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction

Found in metacarpophalyngeal joints

Permits flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction

Found in carpometacarpal joints

Permits flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction

Found in the shoulder and hip

Voluntary

Striated

Involuntary

Striated

No striations

Involuntary

Ability to respond to stimuli by producing action potential (nerve impulse)

Ability to contract forcefully when stimulated to generate force

Ability to stretch without being damaged

Ability to return to original length after contraction/extension

Dense sheet or broad band of irregular CT that surround muscles

Seperate muscles from skin, and protect against trauma

Group muscles and fills in spaces between them

Outermost layer that covers entire muscle

Seperates 10-100 muscle fibers into bundles called fascicles

Surrounds individual fascicles

Seperates individual muscle fibers from one another

Regenerate damaged muscle fibers

True

The plasma membrane of a muscle cell

Tunnel in from the plasma membrane and spreads muscle action potential to all parts of the muscle

The cytoplasm of a muscle fiber

Thrwad like structures which have a contractile function

Membranous sacs which encircles each myofibril

Stores calcium ions, the release of them triggers muscle contraction

Function in contractile process

Basic functional unit of a myofibril