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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the science that studies behavior and cognition of organisms
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psychology
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knowledge comes from experience via the sense and science flourishes through observation and experiment
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empiricism
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school in psych that used introspection to explore the human mind
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structuralism
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school in psych that focussed on how mental and behavioral processes function - how organisms adapt, survive, and flourish
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functionalism
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tendency to believe after learning an outcome that you would have foreseen it
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hindsight bias
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repeating a research study to see if the findings will be the same with different participants and circumstances
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replication
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tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors
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false consensus effect
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a blank substance used in experiments
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placebo
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to understand behavior one must examine how people think, acquire, store, and process information
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cognitive
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only observable behaviors can be studied
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behavioral
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humans are free rational beings with the potential for personal growth
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humanistic
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our functioning can be explained by the workings of the brain and nervous system
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biological
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unconscious motives and experiences or internal conflicts determines behavior, personality, and mental disorders
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psychodynamic
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behavior is influenced by social or cultural systems
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socio-cultural
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behavior and internal processes are adapted for survival; natural selection favors behavior that enhance reproductive success
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evolutionary
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logic comes from experience
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Soctates
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denied existence of innate ideas, heart is the seat of the mental process
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Aristotle
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believed in innate ideas; brain is the seat of the mental process
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Plato
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insisted that the mind is a blank slate; stressed empiricism over speculation
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John Locke
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father of PSYCHOLOGY, founder of the first psych lab at University of Lepzig, Germany
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William Wundt
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founder of structuralism (use introspection)
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Edward Titchener
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author of THE PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOLOGY
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William James
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father of BEHAVIORISM
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John Watson
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father of PSYCHOANALYSIS, wrote "Interpretation of Dreams"
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Sigmund Freud
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German neurologist that showed damage to the left temporal lobe disrupts the ability to comprehend language
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Carl Wernicke
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French physician who showed the left frontal lobe as critical for the production of lanugage
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Paul Broca
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father of OPERANT CONDITIONING
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B.F. Skinner
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father of observational learning and publishes social learning theory; Bobo doll experiment
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Albert Bandura
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Studies with perception of cats placed into a cylinder with horizontal or vertical lines; cats were unable to see the opposite line
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Cooper and Blakemore
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proposed the law of effect and performed classical conditioning experiments on cats in puzzle boxes
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E.L. Thorndike
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father of classical conditioning; experiments with dogs salivation
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Ivan Pavlov
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father of HYPNOSIS
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Franz Mesmer
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massive damage to frontal lobe when a rod pierced his brain leaving perfect memory and intellect but altered his personality
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Phineas Gage
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first female President of the APA; studies with memory
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Mary Calkins
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fist female to receive a Ph.D. in psychology (Cornell)
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Margaret Washburn
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father of MEMORY
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Hermann Ebbinghaus
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published Gestalt theory
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Wolfgang Kohler
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study of paranormal phenomena
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parapsychology
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explored how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be adapted to human behaviors
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human factors psychology
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studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders
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clinical psychology
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applies psych concepts/methods to optimize human behavior in the workplace
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industrial psychology
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investigates memory, thinking, reasoning, language, and decision making
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cognitive psychology
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assists individuals in dealing with personal problems that do not involve mental distorders
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counseling psychology
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idea/claim that bumps on the skull reveals our mental abilities and character traits
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phrenology
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experimental factor that can be manipulated; variable whose effect is being studied; "if" part of the hypothesis
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independent variable
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