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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Growth Hormone (GH) |
Stimulates the growth of bone, cartilage, and skeletal muscle; stimulates the synthesis of glucose during periods of fasting |
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Prolactin |
Stimulates the breast to develop and produce milk |
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Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) |
Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones t3 and t4 |
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) |
Stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete steroids, especially cortisol |
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Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) |
Stimulates the development of ova and sperm |
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Lutenizing hormone (LH) |
Causes ovulation in women; stimulates secretion of progesterone in women and testosterone in men |
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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
Stimulates water reabsorbtion by the kidneys; also constricts blood vessels |
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Oxytocin |
Contracts uterine muscle during labor; releases milk from the mammary glands (during breast-feeding) |
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Thyroid hormones T3 and T4 |
Secreted by the thyroid gland; control metabolic rate and regulate growth and development |
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Calcitonin |
Secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases plasma levels of calcium |
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Parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
Secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases plasma calcium |
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Catecholamines, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine |
Stimulates "fight-or-flight" response |
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Cortisol |
Glucocorticoid that helps regulate glucose, fat, and protein metabolism; is part of the stress respone |
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Aldosterone |
Mineralocorticoid that causes the kidneys to reabsorb sodium and water and excrete potassium; helps regulate fluid and electrolyte balance |
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Sex hormones |
The androgens (especially testosterone) help develop the secondary sex characteristics in the female and male |
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Insulin |
Helps regulate the metabolism of carbs, proteins, fat; lowers blood sugar |
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Glucagon |
Raises blood sugar |
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Estrogen and progesterone |
Secreted by ovaries; stimulate the development of the ova (eggs) and development of secondary sex characteristics in the female |
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Testosterone |
Secreted by the testes; chief male androgen; stimulates development of sperm and secondary sex characteristics in the male |
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Thymosins |
Stimulates maturation of the T lymphocytes |
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Melatonin |
Secreted by the pineal gland; helps set the biorhythms |
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Classification of hormones |
Proteins or steroids |
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Adenohypophysis |
Anterior pituitary gland that is located under the hypothalamus |
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Neurohypophysis |
Posterior pituitary gland; it is a downward extension of the hypothalamus |
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Neuroglia |
Nerve glue; mostly located in the CNS. Support, protect, insulate, nourish, and generally care for the delicate neurons. |
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Neuron |
Most important in the transmission of electrical signals. Enables the nervous system to act as a vast communication network. |
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Myelin sheath |
Protects and insulates the the axon; nerve fibers covered by the myelin are said to be myelinated |
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Sensory neuron |
(Also called affrent neurons) Carries information from the periphery toward the CNS. |
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Motor neuron |
(Also called efferent neurons) carries information from the CNS toward the periphery |
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Interneuron |
Found only in the CNS; Form connections between sensory and motor neurons. Play a role in thinking, learning, and memory. |
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White matter |
Tissue of the CNS that is white because of the myelinated axons |
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Gray matter |
Tissue of the CNS that is made up of unmyelinated axons, cell bodies, interneurons, and synapses |
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Depolarization |
When the inside of the cell changes from - to + |
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Repolarizes |
When the cell again becomes - and returns to its resting state |
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Corpus callosum |
Allows the right and left side of the brain to communicate |
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Frontal lobe |
Motor area, personality, behavior, emotional expression, intellectual functions, memory storage |
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Parietal lobe |
Somatosensory area (especially from skin and muscle; taste; speech; reading) |
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Occipital lobe |
Vision, vision-related reflexes and functions (reading, judging distances, seeing in 3 dimension) |
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Temporal lobe |
Hearing, smell, taste, memory storage, part of speech area |
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Thalamus |
Relay structure and processing center for most sensory information going to the cerebrum |
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Hypothalamus |
Integrating system for the autonomic nervous system; regulation of temp, water balance, sex, thirst, appetite, some emotions; regulates pituitary gland and controls endocrine function |
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Midbrain |
Visual and auditory reflexes |
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Pons |
Plays a role in respiration |
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Medulla oblongata |
Vital function (regulating heart rate, blood flow, blood pressure, respiratory centers) reflex center for coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting |
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Cerebellum |
Smoothes out and coordinates voluntary muscle activity; helps maintenance of balance and muscle tone |
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Shaft of long bone |
Diaphysis |
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Diaphysis |
Yellow bone marrow(adipose (FAT) tissue) inside |
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End of long bone |
Ephysis - red bone marrow inside |
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Pelvic girdle |
Ischium, illium, pubis |
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Pectoral girdle |
Scapula, clavicle |
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4 paranasal sinuses |
Maxillary, ethmoidal, frontal, sphenoidal |
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Pleural cavity |
Serous fluid |
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Knee joint |
Synovial fluid |
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Acetalcholine |
Causes muscle contraction |
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Muscle contraction proteins |
Actin, myosin, triponin, tripomyosin |
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Bicep |
Flexes Forearm |
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Tricep |
Extends forearm |
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Chewing muscles |
Temporalis, and masseter |
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Diaphram |
Breathing |
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Zygomatic muscle |
Smile, cheek muscle |
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Oris |
Mouth |
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Oculi |
Eye |
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Steroid hormones |
Cortisol, aldosterone, sex hormones |
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Protein hormones |
If they end in IN |
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Epiphysis |
End part of the long bone |
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The Pectoral girdle contains the |
Clavicle and scapula |
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Number of lumbar vertebrae in the vertebral column |
5 |
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Skeletal muscle contraction |
Is voluntary |
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Triceps brachi |
Extends forearm |
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What disease does iodine deficiency cause? |
Hypothyroidism |
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What hormone raises blood calcium levels? |
PTH (Parathyroid hormone) |
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What hormone increases blood glucose levels? |
Cortisol |
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Resting membrane has sodium |
Outside of the cell and potassium inside of the cell |
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The mylein sheath makes nerve impulses |
Faster |
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What type of nerve fibers carry impulses to the brain |
Afferent (sensory) nerve fibers |
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Medulla oblongata is part of |
The brain stem |
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Which part of the brain causes voluntary movements to draw a picture |
The frontal lobe |
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Which area the spinal cord in a spinal cord injury will impair the function of the diaphragm |
C1-C4 |
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What types of adrenergic receptors are found on cardiac muscle cells? |
Beta 1 |
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What sense do chemo receptors respond to? |
Smell |
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What disease is caused by too much aqueous humor that causes increased intraocular pressure? |
Glaucoma |
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Where is the tympanic membrane (The ear drum) located? |
Between the external and middle ear |
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Where is the macula located? |
Retina |
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Which neurotransmitter causes constriction of the pupil (myosis)? |
Acetyocholine |
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Which hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland? |
GH, TSH, ACTH |
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Which muscles are located on the thigh? |
Vastus lateralis and rectus femoris |