Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
|
*Established Judicial Review
*Midnight Judges *John Marshall *Power of the Supreme Court |
|
|
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
|
*Established national supremacy
*Established implied powers *Use of elastic clause *State unable to tax federal institutions *John Marshall *The Power to Tax involves the power to destroy |
|
|
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
|
*Established a broad interpretation of the Commerce Clause
*Determined Congress' power encompassed virtually every form of commercial activity. *The Commerce clause has been the Constitutional basis for much of Congress' regulation of the economy. |
|
|
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
|
*Established separate but equal
*Gave Supreme Court approval to Jim Crow Laws |
|
|
Weeks v. U.S. (1914)
|
*Established the Exclusionary Rule at the federal level
*Illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court |
|
|
Schenck v. U.S. (1919)
|
*Oliver Wendell Holmes
*Clear and present danger test *shouting fire in a crowded theatre *limits on speech, esp in wartime |
|
|
Gitlow v. New York (1925)
|
*Established precedent of federalizing Bill of Rights (applying them to the states)
*states cannot deny freedom of speech protected through due process clause of Fourteenth Amendment |
|
|
Near v. Minnesota (1931)
|
*Held that the 1st Amendment protects newspapers from prior restraint
|
|
|
Palko v. Connecticut (1937)
|
*Provided test for determining which parts of Bill of Rights should be federalized
*Those which are implicitly or explicitly necessary for liberty to exist |
|
|
Korematsu v. U.S. (1944)
|
*Upheld as constitutional the internment of Americans with Japanese descent during WWII
|
|
|
Brown v. Board, 1st (1954)
|
*School segregation unconstitutional
*segregation psychologically damaging to blacks *Overturned separate but equal *Use of 14th amendment *judicial activism of the Warren Court *unanimous decision |
|
|
Brown v. Board, 2nd (1955)
|
*Ordered schools to desegregate with all due and deliberate speed
|
|
|
Roth v. United States (1957)
|
*Established that obscenity is not within the area of constitutionally protected speech or press
|
|
|
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
|
*Established exclusionary rule
*Illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court *Warren court's judicial activism in criminal rights |
|
|
Engel v. Vitale (1962)
|
Prohibited state-sponsored recitation of prayer in public schools by virtue of the 1st amendment's establishment clause and the 14th amendment's due process clause
*Warren Court's judicial activism |
|
|
Baker v. Carr (1962)
|
*One man, one vote
*Ordered state legislative districts to be as near equal as possible in population *Warren Court's judicial activism |
|
|
Abbington v. Schempp (1963)
|
*Prohibited devotional Bible reading in public schools by virtue of establishment clause
*Warren Court's judicial activism |
|
|
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
|
*Ordered states to provide lawyers for those unable to afford them in criminal proceedings
*Warren Court's judicial activism in criminal rights |
|
|
Wesberry v. Sanders (1963)
|
*Ordered House districts to be as near equal in population as possible.
|
|
|
NY Times v. Sullivan (1964)
|
*Held that statements about public figures are libelous only if made with malice and reckless disregard for the truth.
|
|
|
Griswald v. Connecticut (1965)
|
*Esttablished right of privacy through 4th and 9th Amendments.
*set a precedent for Roe v Wade |
|
|
Miranda v. Arizona (1965)
|
*Established Miranda warnings of counsel and silence
*Must be given before questioning *Warren Court's judicial activism in criminal rights |
|
|
Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)
|
*Established the three part test to determine if establishment clause is violated
*nonsecular purpose, advances/ inhibits religion, excessive entanglement with government |
|
|
Miller v. California (1973)
|
*Established that community standards be used in determining whether material is obscene in terms of appealing to prurient interest, eing patently offensive, and lacking in value
|
|
|
Roe v. Wade (1973)
|
* Established national abortion guidelines
*trimester guidelines *No state interferece in 1st *state may regulate to protect health of the mother in 2nd *state may regulate to protect health of unborn child in 3rd. *Inferred from right to privacy established in Griswald v. Connecticut |
|
|
U.S. v. Nixon (1974)
|
*Allowed for executive privilege, but not in criminal cases
*Even the president is not above the law *Watergate |
|
|
Buckley v. Valeo (1976)
|
*1st Amendment protects campaign spending
*Legislatures can limit contributions, but not how much one spends of his own money on campaigns *The decision opened the door for PACs to spend unlimited amounts of money for campaigning activities as long as they're not directly coordinated with a particular campaign |
|
|
Gregg v. Georgia
|
*Upheld the constitutionality of the death penalty
*death penalty does not constitute cruel & unusual punishment *overturned Furman v. Georgia |
|
|
U.C. Regents v. Bakke (1978)
|
*Bakke & UC Davis Med School
*Declared strict quotas unconstitutuonal but states may allow race to be taken into account as ONE factor in admissions decisions *Bakke was admitted *affirmative action |
|
|
Texas v. Johnson (1989)
|
*Struck down law banning the burning of the American fflag on the grounds that such action was symbolic speech protected by the first amendment
|
|
|
Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992)
|
*States can regulate abortion, but not with regulations that impose undue burden upon women
*Did not overturn Roe, but gave states more leeway in regulating abortion (e.g. 24 hour waiting period, parental consent for minors) |
|
|
Shaw v. Reno (1993)
|
*No racial gerrymandering
*Race can not be the sole or predominant factor in redrawing legislative bounderies *majority-minority districts |
|
|
U.S. v. Lopez (1995)
|
*Gun Free School Zones Act exceeded Congress' authority to regulate interstate commerce
*The first case to begin reigning in Congress authority under the Commerce Clause. |
|
|
Clinton v. NY
|
*Banned presidential use of the line-item veto
|
|
|
Bush v. Gore (2000)
|
*Use of the 14th Amendment's equal protection clause to stop the Florida recount in the 2000 election
|
|
|
Zelman v. Simmons-Harris (2002)
|
*Public money can be used to send disadvantaged children to religious schools in tuition voucher programs
|
|
|
Ashcroft v. ACLU (2002)
|
*Struck down a federal ban on virtual child pornography
|
|
|
Lawrence v. Texas (2003)
|
*Using right of privacy, struck down Texas law banning sodomy
|
|
|
Gratz v. Bollinger (2003)
|
*Struck down use of bonus points for race in undergrad admissions at University of Michigan
*Affirmative Action |
|
|
Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)
|
*Allowed the use of race as a general factor in law school admissions at University of Michigan
*Affirmative Action |
