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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
federal bureaucracy
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the thousands of federal government agencies and institutions that implement and administer federal laws and programs
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spoils system
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the firing of public-office holders of a defeated political party to replace them with loyalists of the newly elected party
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patronage
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jobs, grants, or other special favors that are given as rewards to friends and political allies for their support
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Pendleton Act
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reform measure that established the principle of federal employment on the basis of open, competitive exams and created the Civil Service Commission
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civil service system
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the merit system by which many federal bureaucrats are selected
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merit system
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a system of employment based on qualifications, test scores, and ability, rather than party loyalty
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independent regulatory commission
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an entity created by Congress outside a major executive department
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departments
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major administrative units with responsibility for a broad area of government operations. Departmental status usually indicates a permanent national interest in a particular government function, such as defense, commerce, or agriculture
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independent executive agency
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government unit that closely resembles a Cabinet department but has narrower areas of responsibility, and performs services rather than regulatory functions
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government corporations
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businesses established by Congress to perform functions that could be provided by private businesses
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Hatch Act
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the 1939 act to prohibit civil servants from taking activist roles in partisan campaigns. This act prohibited federal employees from making political contributions, working for a particular party, or campaigning for a particular candidate
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Federal Employees Political Activities Act
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the 1993 liberalization of the Hatch Act; federal employees are now allowed to run for office in nonpartisan elections and to contribute money to campaigns in partisan elections
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implementation
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the process by which a law or policy is put into operation
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iron triangles
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the relatively stable relationships and patterns of interaction that occur among agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees
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issue networks
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the loose and informal relationships that exist among a large number of actors who work in broad policy areas
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interagency councils
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working groups created to facilitate coordination of policy making and implementation across a host of government agencies
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administrative discretion
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the ability of bureaucrats to make choices concerning the best way to implement congressional or executive intentions
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rule making
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a quasi-legislative process that results in regulations that have the characteristics of a legislative act
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regulations
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rules that govern the operation of all government programs that have the force of law
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administrative adjudication
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a quasi-judicial process in which the bureaucratic agency settles disputes between two parties in a manner similar to the way courts resolve disputes
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executive order
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rule or regulation issued by the president that has the effect of law; must be published in the Federal Register
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