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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the end of the classical era defined by? |
changes in Asia, northern Africa, and the Mediterranean |
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3 questions why classical civilizations declined? |
1) Why did these civilizations decline? 2) Why did different regions see different patterns of decline with different results? 3) What was the significance of these developments? |
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Basic themes of classical civilizations |
expansion and integration |
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order of fall
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1) China 2) Mediterranean 3) India |
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What did all classical civilizations involve? |
territorial expansion and related efforts to integrate the new territories
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Main thinkers: |
Confucious/Laozi, Buddha, Socrates |
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How did nomadic societies play a vital role? |
(particularly in central Asia) they linked and occasionally disrupted classical civilizations |
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Axum |
kingdom located in Ethiopian highlands, replaced Meroe in first century CE, received strong influence from Arabian peninsula, eventually converted to Chrisitanity |
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Ethiopia |
a Christian kingdom that developed in the highlands of eastern Africa under the dynasty of king Lalaibela, retained Christianity in the face of Muslim expansion elsewhere in Africa |
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Silk Road |
The most famous of the trading routes established by pastoral nomads connecting the Chinese, Indian, Persian, and Mediterranean civilizations, transmitted goods and ideas among civilizations |
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Sahara |
desert running across northern Africa, separates the Mediterranean coast from southern Africa |
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Shintoism |
religion of early Japanese culture, worshipped many gods and spirits associated with the natural world, offers of food and prayers made to gods and nature spirits |
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Olmec Culture |
cultual tradition that arose at San Lorenzo and La Venta in Mexico c 1200 BCE, featured irrigated agriculture, urbanism, elaborate religion, beginnings of calendrical and writing systems |
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Teotihuacan |
site of classical culture in central Mexico, urban center with important religious functions, supported by intensive agriculture in surrounding regions |
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Maya |
classical culture emerging in southern Mexico and Central American contemporary with Teotihuacan, extended over broad region, featured monumental architecture, written language, calendrical and math systems, highly developed religion |
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Inca |
group of clans centered at Cuzco that were able to create empire incorporating various Andean cultures, term also used for leader of empire |
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Polynesian |
islands contained in a rough triangle whose points lie in Hawaii, New Zealand, and Easter Island --isolated |
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What did a combination of internal weakness and invasion lead to? |
important changes in China, then in India |
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When did classical civilizations collapse? |
between 200-600 CE |
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Yellow Turbans |
Chinese Daoists who launched a revolt in 184 CE in China promising a golden age to be brought about by divine magic |
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Sui |
dynasty that succeeded the Han in China, emerged from strong rulers in North China |
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Tang |
dynasty that succeeded the Sui in 618 CE, more stable than previous dynasty |
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Rajput |
regional princes in India, controlled small states and emphasized military power |
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Devi |
mother goddess of Hinduism |
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Islam |
major world religion having its origins in 610 CE in the Arabian peninsula, meaning literally "submission", based on Muhammad's prophecy |
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Allah |
supreme God in monotheistic Islam |
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decline in Rome was ___ |
complex involving a mix of internal and external factors |
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What developed differently after the fall of Rome? |
the eastern and western portions of the empire |
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What is the key to the process of decline? |
a set of general, triggered by a cycle of plagues that could not be prevented, resulting in a rather mechanistic spiral that steadily worsened |
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Byzantine Empire |
eastern half of Roman Empire following collapse of western half of old empire, retained Mediterranean culture, particularly Greek, capital = Constantinople |
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Justinian |
leader (of Byzantine Empire) under him, eastern emperors tried to recapture the whole heritage of Rome |
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Augustine |
influential church father and the ologican, champion of Christian doctrine against various heresies and very important in the long term development of Christian thought on such issues as predestination |
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Coptic |
church that split from north African Christianity |
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What did the period of classical decline see? |
rapid expansion of Buddhism and Christianity |
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Religious change had: |
wider cultural, social, and political implications |
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Bodhisattvas |
Buddhist holy men, built up spiritual merits during their lifetimes, prayers even after death could aid people to achieve reflected holiness |
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Mahayana |
Chinese version of Buddhism, placed considerable emphasis on Buddha as god or savior |
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Jesus of Nazareth |
prophet and teacher among the Jews, believed by Christians to be the Messiah |
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Paul |
one of the first Christian missionaries, moved away from insistence that adherents of the new religion follow Jewish law, greek language in the church |
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Pope |
bishop of Rome, head of the Christian Church |
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Benedict |
founder of monasticism in what had been the Western half of the Roman Empire, established Benedictine Rule in the 6th century |