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130 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Define "self-determination" |
Belief that all ethnic groups deserve their own nation |
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In the late-1800s, Germany challenged Britain by building what? |
A huge navy |
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List the four main countries that made up the Central Powers in the Great War |
Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy, Ottoman Empire |
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List the four main countries that made up the Allies in the Great War |
Britain, France, Russia, United States, Japan |
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What event on June 28, 1914 "sparked" the Great War |
The Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his wife were shot and killed by the Serbian nationalist group called the Black Hand |
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Why did many people assume the Great War would end quickly |
Because of the new military technology |
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List six weapons used during the Great War |
Machine gun, snipers, poison gases, airplanes, submarines, tanks |
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What strategy (by both sides) in November 1914 changed the way the Great War would be fought |
Trenches weird dug, mines were placed between them, and barbed wire is strung from Belgium to Switzerland (Western Front) |
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In what way did rural people and urban people view the Great War differently |
Urban people were thrilled and enthusiastic while rural people were terrified because the war was fought on their land |
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Define "total war" |
Each country's whole population was mobilized for the war effort |
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What was the most important job for civilians during the Great War |
Producing ammunition |
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What did the hard work and dedication of women during the Great War get them once the Great War was over |
The ability to vote |
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Many of the colonies that became involved in the Great War hoped for what once it was over |
Self-determination |
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Name the country that was decisive in stopping the last German offensive in 1918 |
The United States |
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List three conditions Germany had to follow as a result of agreeing to the Treaty of Versailles |
Germany's army dropped to 100,000 and could have no aircraft or submarines, and they paid $33 million in reparations |
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What happened to the Ottoman Empire after the Great War |
It was dissolved, allowing Turkey to thrive |
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List the three things the "Lost Generation" began to question after the Great War |
Enlightenment values and the superiority of the West and science |
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How did art change after the Great War |
Began to depict psychological and emotional perspectives |
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List the two countries most affected by the Great Depression |
United States and Germany |
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Fascism was a reaction to what 5 things |
Communism, liberal democracy, feminism, economic turmoil, and disillusionment |
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why did many people begin to migrate to the Soviet Union in the 1930s |
Its economy continued to grow and it seemed to be a place of great promise |
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Listen three groups Italian fascist Benito Mussolini embraced |
War veterans, the Catholic Church, "traditional" women |
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Name the country Italy invaded in 1935 as a first step towards creating a new Roman Empire |
Ethiopia |
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Why did Adolf Hitler become so popular in 1920s Germany |
The Depression gave him an opportunity to become popular |
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What was "Lebensraum" |
"Living space" Hitler said Germans needed |
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List the three conditions of the Nuremberg Laws |
Classified Jews, made them wear yellow stars, and deprived them of their civil rights |
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What ended in Japan as a result of the Great Depression |
Democracy |
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Explain Radical Nationalism |
Fascist reaction to the depression in Japan |
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How did the Japanese come to view their emperor in the 1930s |
A cult would evolve around the Emperor, and his decisions and actions would not be questioned |
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What helped pull Japan, Germany, and the United States out of the Great Depression |
Public works projects |
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What was the main difference between World War 1 and World War 2 |
World War 2 was even more global |
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In 1937, Japan launched a full-scale invasion of China. What did Japanese soldiers become infamous for doing in the Chinese provincial capital of Nanjing |
Raping women and girls as well as murdering many civilians |
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What did the Japanese do on December 7, 1941 |
Bomb and cripple the American naval fleet at Pearl Harbor |
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The Japanese claimed that they were doing what as they attacked numerous countries in East Asia and the Pacific region |
"Liberating" Asians from European domination |
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What did Adolf Hitler begin to do in 1935 |
He began to rearm Germany |
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What occurred during Anchluss |
The forced "union" of Germany and Austria |
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Explain the policy of "appeasement" |
French/British policy to give Hitler what he wants in order to avoid war |
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What did Neville Chamberlain do that would later bring him humiliation and cost him his job |
Gives Hitler the Sudetenland in return for "peace in our time" |
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Explain how the German military strategy of blitzkrieg worked |
Used planes, paratroopers, and tank units as well as well-equipped troops |
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What occurred during the Battle of Britain and who won the battle |
Hitler failed to bomb the British into submission. Britain won |
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What was Operation Barbarossa |
The German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941 |
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Who were the "Untermenschen" |
"Sub-humans" like Jews, Poles, Slavs, and Russians Hitler wanted to exterminate |
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What happened on June 6, 1944 |
D-day. Allied naval offensive (largest in history) that overwhelms Germany |
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The use of kamikaze pilots indicated that the Japanese were not willing to do what |
Surrender |
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Who was Robert Oppenheimer |
Head of the Manhattan Project, which designed the first nuclear bombs |
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What happened to many European colonies after World War 2 |
Europe lost many of its African and Asian colonies |
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Name the country that, for a time, became the dominant superpower in the world following World War 2 |
The United States |
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Explain how the Marshall Plan worked and what its goal was |
It was a very successful US attempt to rebuild Western European economies using capitalism and cooperation (cost of $13 billion) |
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Explain the difference between NATO and the Warsaw Pact |
NATO was the Western European and US military alliance while the Warsaw Pact was a Soviet counter move in Eastern Europe |
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The United Nations was created with what goal in mind |
To maintain world peace and create stability |
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What three things did communists want |
Economic and political equality and abolition of private property |
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What did Vladimir Lenin believe workers in Russian needed in order to lead a violent revolution and overthrow the Tsar |
Guidance from a Soviet |
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What was the slogan of the Bolsheviks during the Russian Revolution |
"Peace, Land (for peasants) and Bread!" |
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What were the Bolsheviks eventually able to achieve |
Overthrow the government and put Lenin in power |
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List four things Mao Zedong wanted that made him so appealing to many Chinese people (especially women) |
Outlaw arranged marriages and foot binding and allow women to divorce and get abortions |
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What happened in China in 1949 |
Mao becomes the leader of the new Communist China after winning a civil war against the nationalists |
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Explain "collectivization" |
Land is taken from landlords and wealthy peasants and turned into state-run collective farms |
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What was the difference between the Great Leap Forward and the cultural revolution in China |
The Great Leap Forward was Mao's decision to push for industry and the Cultural Revolution was Mao's attempt to purge enemies and further communist rule |
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Describe what happened in the Soviet Union during the Red Terror |
Lenin used secret police to eliminate his enemies in the Soviet Union |
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What did the Soviet government do as part of war communism |
Assumed control of everything, seized all private property, and outlawed religion |
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What did Joseph Stalin hope to achieve through his Five Year Plan |
Modernize and industrialize the Soviet Union |
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Both Mao Zedong and Joseph Stalin achieved their goals, but at what cost |
They helped to discredit socialism and contributed to the collapse of communism |
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What were satellite nations |
Countries (Poland, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary) that became dependent on and dominated by the Soviet Union |
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Describe the domino theory |
US fear that if one nation fell to communism, the rest will follow |
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What was the overall purpose of the Truman Doctrine |
Also known as the "containment policy" to stop further expansion of communism |
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What two wars did the United States fight in an effort to contain communism |
Korean and Vietnam Wars |
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Explain why the Soviet Union and the United States nearly went to war over Berlin in the 1950s |
The Berlin Wall was a concrete, barbed wire wall that the Soviets built around West Berlin |
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What was the Iron Curtain |
Concrete, barbed-wire wall along the border of West and East Germany (with nuclear weapons on both sides) |
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What did Nikita Khrushchev do in the early 1960s that nearly resulted in a nuclear war between the United States and the Soviet Union |
Puts nuclear missiles in Cuba aimed at the United States |
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The Cold War led the United States and Soviet Union to greatly increase what |
Military spending |
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Explain the difference between détente and "peaceful coexistence" |
Détente was the reduction in hostilities between the US and Soviets while "peaceful coexistence" was when the US and Soviet Union realized it was the only way to prevent mutual destruction |
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Who were the mujahidin |
Islamic holy warrior supported by several governments (US, China, Pakistan, Iran) |
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What did the wars in Vietnam in Afghanistan show about the United States and Soviet Union |
They overextended themselves |
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What group of people became a major political force during the counterculture movement |
Young people |
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What happened in 1964 that affected the relationship between the Soviet Union and China |
China opened ties with the US |
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List four of the reforms of Deng Xiaoping |
Opens China to the world's economy, sends students to foreign universities to learn, dismantled the collective farming system, relaxed censorship |
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What occurred in Tiananmen Square in 1989 |
Students hoping for democracy begin protesting |
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Explain the difference between perestroika and glasnost |
Perestroika was free enterprise and glasnost was open discussion |
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What were the "Velvet Revolutions" |
Nonviolent uprisings that led to countries in Eastern Europe to declare independence from Soviet control |
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Many people longed for what was the Cold War ended |
A sense of security |
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What caused the fall of many empires in the second half of the 20th century |
The two World Wars |
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How did nationalism in former colonies differ from nationalism in the 1800s |
Now it is self determination instead of expansion into an empire |
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What came before security in many former colonies |
Freedom |
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How did Ho Chi Minh change the history of Vietnam |
Led the Vietnamese to victories over the French and US, so Vietnam is now a unified, communist nation |
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Through what two methods was Mohandas Gandhi able to get Britain to leave India in 1947 |
Civil disobedience and non-violence |
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What was "communalism" and how did it impact the goals Mohandas Gandhi had for India |
Communalism is the promotion of religious identity over national identity. It prevented Gandhi's dream of a united India from happening |
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What South Asian country was created in 1947 and how is it different from India |
Pakistan, it was Muslim (India was mostly Hindu) led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah |
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In spite of having a democracy, modern India is plagued by many problems. What are three of them |
Overpopulation, economic inequality, religious tolerance, rape, and infanticide of girls |
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Why did South Africa struggle even after it achieved independence in 1910 |
White minority still controlled the government and economy |
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Explain "apartheid" |
Policy of "separateness" begun in South Africa in 1948 |
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What was the goal of the African National Congress |
It was a peaceful, modern organizations that begin to work for change |
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List the three things that helped to end apartheid |
Exclusion from international sporting events, boycotts, and economic sanction |
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What made Nelson Mandela so famous in South Africa |
Elected as the first black president of South Africa in 1944 |
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Why was decolonization in Africa so much slower than decolonization in Asia |
Whites claimed blacks wanted communism |
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What was the Negritude movement |
Mid-1900s celebration of Africa's poets, writers, traditions, and culture |
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Why has democracy not taken hold in modern Africa |
It did not help to improve economic problems quickly enough |
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List the three types of conflicts that continue to cause problems in modern Africa |
Ethnic (Rwanda), religious (Sudan, Nigeria) and local tribal conflict |
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Many of Africa's countries continue to be crushed economically by what |
Foreign debt |
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Define "neo-colonialism" |
The US was viewed as being negative and interfering (after world war 2) |
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List the three things called for under nationalistic populism |
Industrialization, support for the working class, and freedom from foreign control |
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Describe three problems that continue to plague Latin American countries today |
Drug cartels, brutality, fears of communism, poverty, gap between the rich and the poor, and corrupt government |
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What is "liberation theology" |
Attempt by the Roman Catholic Church to combat the misery |
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Why did many Iranians hate Shah Mohammad Reza Palhlavi |
They hated his secular, western lifestyle and repressive tactics |
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List four of the changes Mustafa Kemal brought to Turkey after the Great War |
Many social elements of Islam were abolished, men had to give up the Fez (a red hat), women could give up their veils, and women gained voting and other legal rights |
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List two political changes the Ayatollah Khomeini brought to Iran as a result of the Iranian Revolution |
Led the Iranian Revolution, forced the US out of Iran, Sharia (Islamic law) becomes the law of Iran |
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Describe four ways in which the Iranian Revolution impacted the lives of women in Iran |
They were placed under legal restrictions, forced to return to wearing more traditional Islamic clothing, gained greater educational opportunities, and retained the right to vote |
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Why did the modern conflict between the Israelis and Arabs begin in Palestine |
Jews started immigrating to Palestine (especially after world war 2) |
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What was the purpose of the Balfour Doctrine of 1917 |
Britain commits to creating a Jewish state in Palestine |
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What happened to Palestinian Arabs after the state of Israel was formed in 1948 |
They were forced out and became refugees who still hope for the creation of a Palestinian state |
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Arabs are typically linked through their hatred of Israel, but what 4 things keep them divided |
Unequal wealth , jealousy, tribal hatred, and religious divisions Sunni and Shia) |
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Where did 70 percent of the world's population live from 1950 to 2000 |
Developing nations |
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List the three countries that have been the most economically successful in East Asia since 1945 |
China, Japan, and South Korea |
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Why was the European Union developed |
To promote the movement of capital and goods over their borders |
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What is the purpose of the World Trade Organization |
To spread the principles and practices of free market economies |
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What is "globalization" |
The breaking down of traditional boundaries due to financial and cultural trends |
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Explain the difference between TNCs and NGOs |
TNCs (transitional corporations) have a small headquarters, multiple sites around the world, and low operating costs (like Coca-Cola and Sony). NGOs (non governmental agencies) like Red Cross and Greenpeace work to tackle problems beyond boundaries and governments |
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How have the internet, sports, music, movies, and video games changed the modern world |
They exemplify cultural diffusion |
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What are "exclusionary reactions" |
Desire to stop migration and cultural diffusion |
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What 1960s invention gave women more power over their lives than they had ever experienced before |
Birth control pill |
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List three arguments some people have against the feminist movement |
Undermines family life and relations between men and women, some feel it focuses too much on sex |
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What was China's "one-child policy" |
Used to control China's population |
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What were two of the results of China's "one-child policy" |
"Economic" marriages and gender imbalance (50 million more men than women) |
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Define "fundamentalism" |
A self-proclaimed return to the "fundamentals" of religion |
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Define "Islamism" |
Desire to reassert Islamic values into Muslim politics and to do it peacefully |
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Define "jihad" |
Violent struggle to protect Islam |
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What are al Qaeda and Isis |
Terrorist organizations |
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List the three factors that have magnified the impact humans have had on the earth |
World population has grown dramatically in the 20th century, massive use of fossil fuels like coal and oil, and enormous economic growth |
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List four ways in which human environmental destruction is causing changes on a global scale |
Doubling of cropland and corresponding contraction of forests and grasslands, numerous plant and animal extinctions, air pollution, thinning ozone layer, global warming |
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What did Rachel Carson achieve through her book 'Silent Spring' |
Started the modern environmentalist movement |
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List three elements of global environmentalism |
Legislation to control pollution, encouragement of "green" businesses, research on alternative fuel sources, conferences on global warming and international agreements, development of ideas regarding sustainability and restraint |
