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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Leukocytes % of blood and count |
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diapedesis |
The process by which WBCs leave capillaries |
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(positive chemotaxis) |
the process by which WBCs move through tissue spaces and follow chemical trail of molecules released by damaged cells |
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Leukocytosis |
WBC count over 11,000/mm3 |
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5 types of WBCs classified into 2 categories |
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Neutrophils fx |
very phagocytic, “bacteria slayers”, |
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Eosinophils: fx |
release enzymes to digest parasitic worms, role in allergies and asthma & modulating immune response |
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Basophils: fx |
contain histamine, inflammatory chemical that acts as vasodilator to attract WBCs to inflamed sites |
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Crucial to immunity |
Agranulocytes |
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Lymphocytes: |
T lymphocytes (T cells) act against virusinfected |
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Monocytes: |
Leave circulation, enter tissues, and differentiate into macrophages (phagocytic cells); crucial against viruses, intracellular bacterial parasites, and chronic infections |
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Leukopoiesis: |
production of WBCs |
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• All leukocytes originate from __________ |
hematopoietic stem cells or hemocytoblasts |
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Hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into: |
myeloid OR lymphoid stem cells |
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Myeloid stem cells become ______ |
basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils or monocytes |
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Lymphoid stem cells become _____________ |
lymphocytes |
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Leukopenia |
– Abnormally low WBC count—drug induced |
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Leukemias – |
all fatal if untreated |
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– Myeloid leukemia involves : |
myeloblast descendants |
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– Lymphocytic leukemia involves: |
lymphocytes |
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Acute leukemia derives from _________; |
stem cells children |
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Chronic leukemia more prevalent in |
older people |
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Leukemia |
• Cancerous leukocytes fill red bone marrow |
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leukemia Treatments |
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Infectious Mononucleosis |
• Highly contagious viral disease |
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Symptoms of mononucleosis |
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What are platelets? |
Small fragments of megakaryocytes |
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What do platelets do and what is their normal count? |
Form a temporary platelet plug that helps seal |
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how are platelets formed? |
1. Hematopoietic stemcell (hemocytoblast) 2. Megakaryoblast (stage I megakaryocyte) 3. Megakaryocyte (stage II and III) 4. Megakaryocyte (stage IV) 5. platelets |
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Hemostasis |
• Fast series of reactions for stoppage of |
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Hemostasis occurs in 3 phases in rapid |
• Three steps |
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Step 1 of hemostasis |
Vascular spasm • Smooth muscle contracts, causing vasoconstriction |
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Step 2 of hemostasis |
Platelet plug formation - Platelets release chemicals that make nearby platelets sticky; platelet plug forms. |
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Step 3 of hemostasis |
Coagulation |
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Coagulation |
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Series of reactions using clotting factors |
– # I – XIII; most plasma proteins |
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Three phases of coagulation |
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Extrinsic coagulation: |
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Intrinsic coagulation |
complex, occurs more slowly (several minutes) |
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Thromboembolic disorders: |
undesirable clot formation |
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Bleeding disorders: |
abnormalities that prevent normal clot formation |
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Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) |
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