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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
-species equilibrium model
-theory of island biogeography |
balance between
1) rate at which two species immigrate 2) rate at which existing species become extinct on the island determines the number of different species found on an island |
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native species
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species that normally live and thrive in a particular community
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-nonnative species
-invasive species -alien species |
species that evolved outside a particular community then migrated or deliberately/accidentally introduced into that community
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indicator species
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species that serve as early warnings of damage or danger to a community
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keystone species
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species that hold a community together because of its important ecological niches
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interspecific competition
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a competitve interaction between species for shared or scarce resources
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resource partitioning
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occurs when species competing for similar scarce resources evolve more specialized traits that allow them to use shared resources at different times, in different ways or different places
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predation
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interaction between species where one species (the predator) feed directly on all or part of a living organism another species (the prey)
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parasitism
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interaction between species where one species (the parasite) feeds on another part of an organism (the host), usually by living in or on the host; the parasite benefits, the host is harmed
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mutualism
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species interaction beneficial for both species; exploitation of each other
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commensalism
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species interaction in which one species benefits while the other receives little to no effect
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ecological succession
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the gradual change in species composition of a given area
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primary successsion
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involves the gradual establishment of biotic communities on nearly lifeless ground
(e.g. rock exposed by glacier, severe soil erosion, newly cooled lava, abandoned hwy/lot) |
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secondary succession
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involves biotic communities establishing in an area where some type of biotic community is already present
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pioneer species
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wind-dispersed species (lichens, moss) that attach themselves to bare rock; serve as base of biotic life for primary succession
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early successional plant species
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-grow close to the ground
-establish large populations quickly under harsh conditions -short lives -roots penetrate the rock, forming more soil particles -serve as nutrients when waste/dead decompose |
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mid-successional plant species
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-plant species that follow early successional plants thousands of years later
-low-lying shrubs, herbs -soil deep and fertile enough to support these species -replaced by trees that need lots of sun |
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late successional plant species
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trees that can tolerate shade, replace trees that need lots of sun
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disturbance
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change in environmental conditions that disrupts a community or ecosystem
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-inertia
-persistence |
the ability of a living system to resist being disturbed or altered
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constancy
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the ability of a living system such as a population to keep its numbers within the limits imposed by available resources
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resilience
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the ability of a living system to repair damage after an external disturbance that is not too drastic
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complexity
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the number of species in a community (species richness) at each trophic levels in a community
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precautionary principle
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not taking risks when not enough information is available
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