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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Method of extracting gold from rock
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Cyanide heap leaching
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Makes up 71% of the earth's crust
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Oceanic crust
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Less dense, thicker, and younger crust
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Continental crust
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The zone of hot, partly melted rock that flows and can be deformed |
Asthenosphere
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The combination of crust and the outer part of the mantle
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Lithosphere
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The location on the earth's surface above where an earthquake begins |
Epicenter
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The location in the earth's crust where an earthquake begins |
Focus
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The overburden of soil and rock after the ore is removed is called |
Spoils
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Is cheaper and less hazardous type of mining, but leaves the land scarred and unsuitable for other uses
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Surface Mining
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Is a more dangerous and more expensive type of mining, but results in less environmental damage.
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Subsurface mining
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Describes the time it takes to use up approximately 80% of the mineral reserves |
Depletion time
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High costs, equitable division of profits between stakeholders, ownership of the sea floor, and safety of aquatic life |
Disadvantages of mining the ocean floor
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Recycling and reusing, raising prices, and banning subsidies |
Increases depletion time
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Increased consumption, lowering prices, and subsidies |
Decreasing depletion time
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Where an oceanic plate is pushed beneath a continental plate.
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Subduction Zone
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Where new crust is created
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Divergent boundary
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Oceanic plates diverge (move apart) and magna flows up through cracks creating a line of underwater mountains. |
Oceanic ridge
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Tectonic plates slide and grind past each other |
Transform fault
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Where old crust is created/destroyed
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Convergent boundary
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Machinery digs large hole to remove metals |
Open-pit mining
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Uses earthmover and power shovel on flat terrain |
Strip mining
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Magma that manages to reach the surface of the earth |
Lava
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Explosives remove mountain top to expose seams of ore |
Mountain-top removal
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An element or inorganic compound that occurs naturally in the earth's crust as a solid with a regular internal crystalline structure. |
Mineral
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Identified resources from which the mineral can be extracted profitably at current prices are called |
Reserves
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The environmental impact of mining depends on the percentage of metal content, or... |
Grade
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Piles of wastes removed from mining |
Tailings
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Using microorganisms that can breakdown rock material and extract minerals |
Biomining
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