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25 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Classifications of Bones:


1. Long Bones:

long and slender as are many of the bones in the upper and lower limbs. Examples: humerus, radius, ulna, tibia and fibula.

2. Short Bones:

box-like in shape. Examples: carpal bones of the wrist and the tarsal bones of the ankle

3. Flat Bones:

have thin, roughly parallel layers of compact bone that sandwich a layer of spongy bone. Examples: bones that form the roof of the skull, scapula, sternum and ribs.

4. Irregular Bones:

complex shapes. Examples" vertebrae, ethmoid, sphenoid and temporal bones

5. Sesamoid Bones:

typically small and round and develop within tendons. Examples: the patella (knee cap), is exceptional in being a large sesamoid bone.

6. Sutural (Wormian) Bones:

small, flat, oddly shaped bones found between the flat bones of the skull along the suture. These bones are highly variable in presence, size and shape. They are NEVER given individual names.

Bone Markings (Surface Features)


A. Elevations and projections:


1. Process-

general term for projection of bump

2. Ramus-

extension of a bone at an angle to rest of bone (body)

B. Process for Tendons and Ligaments


1. Trochanter-

large, touch projection (Applies only to the proximal femur)

2. Tuberosity-

rough projections

3. Tubercle-

a round projection

4. Crest-

prominent ridge

5. Line-

low ridge

6. Spine-

pointed process

C. Process for Articulations


1. Head-

expanded articular end of epiphysis

2. Neck-

narrow constriction below head

3. Condyle-

smooth, round articular process

4. Trochlea-

smooth, grooved articular process shaped like a pulley

5. Facet-

small flat articular surface

D. Depressions


1. Fossa-

shallow depression

2. Sulcus-

narrow groove

E. Openings


1. Foramen-

rounded passageway

2. Fissure-

elongated cleft

3. Canal-

passageway through bone

4. Sinus-

chamber within bone normally filled with air