Approaches In Psychology

what are the 8 Modern Approaches in Psychology?

focuses on how our GENES, HORMONES, and NERVOUS SYSTEM interact with our environments to influence learning, personality, memory, motivation, emotions, abd coping techniques.

part of the brain used to recognize inanimate objects.

example: "people with ASD uses the Inferior Temporal Gyrus for recognizing both inanimate objects and faces which explains their lack of interest in other people."

examines how we process, store, and use information and how this information influences what we attend to, perceive, learn, remember, believe, and feel.

"people with ASD have trouble understanding that other people have thoughts too."

involves taking pictures and identifying structures and functions of the living brain during performance of a variety of mental or cognitive processes such as thinking, planning, naming, and recognizing objects.

examples: "Fmri, Mri, PET scan, and other Brain scans."

example: "normal-functioning individuals use their left hemisphere of the brain to process conversations while people with ASD use their right hemisphere which explains their difficulty in communicating."

studies how organisms learn behaviors or modify existing ones, depending on whether events in their environment reward or punish these behaviors. (first force in psychology)

first described by Burrhus Frederic (B.F.) Skinner. To reward or punish behaviors.

method used by B.F. Skinner. Applicable to Observable behaviors only.

Albert Bandura disagreed with Strict Behaviorism and came up with his own theory that includes mental/cognitive processes.

known for his Bobo doll studies and concept of Modelling behavior.

"believing in the power that you can." - Albert Bandura

influence of childhood experiences, unconscious fears, desires, and motivation on thoughts, behaviors, and the development of personality traits and psychological problems later in life. (second force of psychology)

accidently saying pabili po ng anak niyo instead of pabili po ng alak.

True or False: Psychoanalytic approach states that "the first five years of life have a profound effect on later personality development."

"you can control your fate, regardless of you past." Emphasizes that each individual has great freedom in directing his or her future, a larger capacity for personal growth, a considerable amount of intrinsic worth, and enormous potential for self-fulfillment.

what is the criticism regarding humanistic approach?

comparing two ethnicities with one another. It examines the influence of cultural and ethnic similarities and differences on the psychological and social functioning of a culture's member.

example: "US - having a child with ASD is okay and normal.Korea - they hide their child diagnosed with ASD due to stigma against people with ASD."

studies how evolutionary ideas such as adaptation and natural selection explain human behaviors and mental processes.

example: "we hate bitter food because bitter taste was associated with poison during our ancestors' times."

using a combination/integration of different approaches to study the same behavior.

Survival of Approaches:

example: "people with ASD show less mirror neuron activity causing them to experience difficulty emphatizing with people."

example: "twin Studies: if one has ASD, there is a 90% chance that the other would develop ASD as well."

example: "palmar sweating during exams (test anxiety)."

example: "females have higher levels of test anxiety compared to males."

example: "India - high test anxiety in children due to cultural emphasis on academic achievement, parental and social pressures to excel, and the stressful, competitive nature of exams.US - low test anxiety because parents are less involved with their children's school work and they promote independence and personal responsibility."

example: "a lot of women are afraid of snakes because they used to be responsible for forage in the old times, and snakes may hide in bushes etc., thus we are prepared to fear them in order to avoid them."

example: "men like women with huge breasts, curvy spines, and wide hips because huge breasts are said to be a sign of fertility, while curvy spines and wide hips are said to be optimal for giving birth."

example: "we naturally hate incest because of the negative genetic consequences it may produce."