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148 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Whisky Rebellion
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* 1794
* federal exise tax by Hamilton on whisky and distilleries * farmers attacked tax collectors * crisis for Washington and young government * PA militia nationalized and Hamilton marched in and put down rebellion * Significance: Wash and Hamilton officially declarisng support of whisky tax, Wash applauded for strength of federal gov and enforcement of laws, Ham wanted to flex muscles |
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Battle of Fallen Timbers
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* 1794
* Anthony Wayne versus Little Turtle * 3000 American versus 1500 Indians * concluded by Treaty of Greenville |
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Treaty of Greenvile
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* concluded Battle of Fallen Timbers
* opened up Ohio River Valley |
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Public Land Act of 1796
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land sold at resonable prices
slowly new states added to Union: VT (1791) KT (1792) TN (1796) |
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proclomation of neutrality
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* 1793
* precedent for US foreign policy for the century * US wouldnt take sides in Europe in French Revolution * Jefferson resigns because of this * strenthens federalist/anti-federalist rivalry |
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Jays Treaty
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* 1794
* John Jay prez of Supreme court * sent to GB for impressment and indian raids encouraged |
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Pinkney's Treaty
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* 1795
* border between US and Florida * opens up port of New Orleans for US Use |
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Sedition Acts
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public could not speak/write against gov officials
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Alien Act
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1798
restricted immigration from 5 to 14 years to become citizen exiled if went against above |
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Nullification crisis
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* Jefferson and Madison decide to test constitutionality of Alien and Sedition Acts
* 1798/9 * nullification- state could ignore federal laws that run contrary to state's interests * Jefferson- Kentucky Resolutions * Madison- Virginia resolutions |
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XYZ Affair
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* Adam takes reps to France for their impressment
* 1797 * under Talleyrand demand bribes * "millions for defense not one cent for tribute" * American ties to France are broken |
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Burr
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* runs as Democratic Republican in 1801
* tries to convince NY to leave the US in 1804 * shoots Hamilton and kills him in a duel * 1806 attempts to get Louissiana to cecede- but his plot is discovered |
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Judiciary Act of 1800
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* created 16 new deferal judgeships
* Adams left Federalist stamp * came to be known as midnight appointees |
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Marbury Vs. Madison
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* 1801
* Jefferson orders secretary of state James Madison to not deliver letters of appointment to Marbury * Marbury sues Madison for not delivering letter of official job * brought to supreme court * John Marshal dismisses case and rules in favor of Madison, as Jefferson would ignore him anyway, but asserts its the federal court gets to decide matters like this |
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expeditions of Merywether Lewis and William Clark
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1803-6
* Oregon and back again * helped by Sacajowia * establish trade for 1000's of settlers and Oregon Trail |
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Barbary Pirates
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* stationed in Med Sea
* demanding tributes from American merchants to travel and trade in Med * paid * LIbyan pirate leader enters Tripoli and cuts down American fald and seized hostages |
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Tripolitan War
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1801-5
*Barbary Pirate leader entered Tripoli (US embacy in the Med) * Jeff established makeshift nacy and defeats pirates in this first marine international issue * in treaty we pay 50,000 for release of hostages and peace |
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Chesapeake Incident
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1807
* Brit officer claims there are deserters from the Brit navy on the USS Chesapeake * US refuses to let them board so Brits shoot cannons then get on and seize some sailors * cause for war * Jeff says US not ready for war so pushes embargo of 1807 |
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What was the order of embargoes before the War of 1812?
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Embargo of 1807
Non Intercourse Act(1809) Macon's Bill #2 |
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What is Jeffersonian Democracy/Era's time period?
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1801-1817
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Treaty of Ghent
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1814
ended war of 1812 * British invasion of New Orleans already undergone which Jackson won * tired of fighting * searights issue not acknowledged * Canada left in British Hands * rise of nationalism |
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Hartford Convention
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1814
* Connecticut * NE * secessionalists/federalists * expected British to seize New Orleans * asked for financial aid for New England cuz they were ship builders- blockade hurt the economy * victory at New Orleans quelled the movement * begining of the end of the federalist party |
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Eerie Canal
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* state funded
* NY gov Dewitt Clinton’s “big ditch” * through break of Adirondacks * constructed 1817-1825 |
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American System
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Henry Clay
-protective tariff (1816) -powerful national bank: legislation about to expire -nationally funded internal improvements (fails) |
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tariff of 1816
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* financial patriotism after War of 1812
* Americans bought with their spirit- US made goods * during war of 1812 factories with in America grew * not getting goods from Britain then * entrepreneurs feared GB would sell their goods at lower prices so they passed the tariff of 1816 * protective * helped merchants * S and W supported it because it was for the good of the whole country |
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Fletcher V Peck
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Marshall Court
1810 * Georgia could not pass a law invalidating a private contract |
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Dartmouth College v Woodward
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1819
Marshall Court * New Hampshire trying to change Dartmouth from private to Public * unconstitutional |
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Macallon v Maryland
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1819
Marshal Court * Maryland tried to tax local branch of BUS “ the power to tax is the power to destroy” resentment from Panic of 1819 |
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Gibbons v Odges
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1821
Marshall court * trade across stae lines * NYC steamboat |
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Russ-Bogot Agreement
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1817
* Calls for limiting arming on Great Lakes of US and GB * later extended to border undefended |
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Treaty of 1818
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US and GB
* shared fishing rights off coast of New Foundland * settled N border of Louisianna territory * firm US/Canada border established at 49 N latitude * joint occupation of Oregon territory for 10 years |
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Jackson's Florida War
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1817-1819
* launching point for raids from seminal Indians/ pirate/runaways * Spanish don’t have much control * many independence movements - above all excusese for Jackson to invade: comissioned by Monroe * goes beyond when burning/hanging * Congress fears he is starting war with Britian (Spain's ally) |
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Adam's-Onis Treaty
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1819
* part of Florida inquision * US buys FL for 5 M * firm borders * Spain gives up land claims in Oregon territory |
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Monroe Doctrine
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* Brits urged US to join them in a declaration stating no EURO nations couls increase presence in LA
* JQA urges Monroe to declare it to Congress * Euro angered Brits would back US |
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issues of 1824?
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Bus
Tariff Sectionalism |
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Corrupt Bargain
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-controversial
-1824 -JQA versus Jackson -all candidates democratic republicans -Henry Clay/Jackson/Adams/Crawford -House of reps had to decide *Crawford heart attack * Clay and Adams ally- so he could be secretary of state |
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Henry Clay
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-Jacksonian era
-speaker of house of republicans - W hero -American system |
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problems under JQA
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1824
sectionalism ruined era of good feelings election ruined nationalism tariffs/panic |
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spoils system
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Jackson
- beurocrats replaced with his own men - many of his cabinet not able to job effectively so used kitchen cabinet |
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Tariff Nulification crisis
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- tariff rates of 1820's high from 1816
- Brits buying less and South paying more - Webster Hayne Debate - dinner party 1832 - force bill then quenched by Clay - 1828 "tariff of abominations" - Calhoun wrote South Carolina Exposition for nullification of tariff - 1832 tension higher - Peggy Eaton Affair (Jackson fires Cabinet) |
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Webster-Hayne Debate
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1832
-Daniel Webster introducing bill into the senate calling for limiting of W land sales (NE saw expansion a threat) - Hayne of SC opposed bill questions loyalty of N, Harftord Convention, switches issue to the tariff) - Webster defends N supremacy of federal gov (copied into speeches) |
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Dinner party
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Jackson
1832 Calhoun quits ("liberty most) Ordinance of Nullification then written leading to force bill |
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Divorce Bill
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1839
VAn BUren ignored seperates federal money from investment/private - congress repeals in 1840 |
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Adams-Onis Treaty
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1818
from Spain giving up claims in Oregon Territory |
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Battle of San Jacinto
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1836
-Houston's smaller army defeated Santa Anna during Siesta -abducted Santa Anna and got him to say all land N of Rio Grande ind as Texas - Lone Star Republic created |
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
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1847
ended Mexican War -Rio Grande Texan Border -US gained Mexican cecession (CA;NM;AZ;UT;NV) for 15M -controversial in senate leading to Wilmont Proviso |
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Wilmont Proviso
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1836
all lands gained in cecession after Mexican War would have no slavery pushed through house but not senate-expansionist Democrats wanted all of Mexico |
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Ostend Manifesto
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1842
-South sought land for plantations in Latin America and more slave states -Polk offerred Spain 100 M for Cuba but was rejected -small civilian journeys failed to overthrow Cuba -1842 Pierce sent reps to Belgium -press leaked it and North outraged so went away |
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Gadsen Purchase
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18553
-Pierce puts through arrangement to buy land in present day S New Mexico so railroad could be built -paid 10 M dollars - so didnt have to go through rockies |
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MIssouri Compromise of 1820
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-Missouri first state in LA purchase to ask for admission
-solution to make MS a slave state -Maine created out of Mass to make another Free state -no more slavery allowed before Southern border -30 year makeshift solution |
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Compromise of 1850
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-gaining of Mexican cession questioned extension of slavery and balance
-gold rush of 1849 caused population skyrocket -CA wanted statehood in 1850 but South believed it was below border so should not be let in as free(clever)if was admitted though S spoke of cession - Henry Clay/Steven Douglas: *CA Free *NM and UT pop sov *fugitive slave law stricter * no more slave trade in DC * part of TX to fed gov |
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Figitive Slave Act of 1850
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-South to claim runaway slaves in N without trial by jury
-bounty hunters+citizens demanded of cooperation+paid less if found free=legalized kidnapping -liberty laws |
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Impending Crisis of the South
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Hinton Rowan Helper
1850's |
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Nat Turner
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-1831 failed slave revolt in VA (slave who thought the moon told him)
-killed 55 whites in uprising then 100's of blacks were killed in reaction (made examples of them scared of 9:1 ratio) |
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Kansas Nebraska Act/Bleeding Kansas
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settlers in KS and NB
-1854 Douglas pushed Act championing popular sovereinty -pierce recognized missouri's gov in KS to recognize pro-slavery |
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John Brown
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-white abolitionist
-raid into KS where him and sons killed five slave owners then escalated to 200 (bloody kansas)(mini-civil war) -1859 raid against federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry in VA -slave revolt ended by Robert E. Lee there John brown became a maurder when hung |
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Dred Scott vs. Stanford Case
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1857
-Scott taken by master North and sued for peace -Fergusen appealed to supreme court and Chief Justice Roger Tanery ruled -decided that slavves property w/out rights; taken anywhere; no black ever citizen; fed gov no right to regulate slavery in MS -nullified compromises! |
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Free Port Doctrine
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Douglas
pop sov brought up in lincoln douglas debate |
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Army of the Potomac
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General McDowell
marches towards Richmond, VA in begining of war intercepted by confederates at Manassas Junction (Bull Run) |
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1st battle of bull run
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-McDowell's plan too complex and intercepted by RR and Thomas "stonewall" Jackson's valiant Virginians
- leads to McClellan being head of Union |
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Antietam Campaign
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-Lee plans to invade N to threaten N into quitting and get Euro to join
-Lees plans found by scouts -mclellans plans to ambush converge at Antietam creek Lee slinks away but Mcclellan fails to pursue |
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Emancipation proclomation
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Sep 1862
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Battle of Chancellorsville
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Hooker replaced Burnsides
feint towards Frederickburd Jackson killed union retreats |
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Election of 1864
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McClellan runs as Democrat on the "peace platform"
Republicans run as "union party" lincoln wins electoral * war to continue due to Sherman's capture of Atlanta |
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Proclomation of Pardon and Reconstruction
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10% plan
Lincoln -1865 -Southerners would swear loyalty - reached 10% then state readmitted -Radical republicans rejected it *TN;AR;LA all reached 10% but radicals ignored them |
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Wade-Davis Bill
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1865
Radical reconstruction's initial plan -majority of those that voted in 1860 had to swear loyalty -"ironclad"-deny they ever were disloyal - impossible due to death toll though -Lincoln pocket vetoed it |
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13th amendment
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slavery abolished
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13th amendment
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abolish slavery
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14th amendment
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1866
black citizenship and equal protection under the law |
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Military Reconstruction Act
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1866
-divides South into 5 districts (except tenesse who ratified 14th amendment) -VA(1);NC/SC(2);deep south(3);MS/AR(4);TX(5) -union general in charge of each district to monitor treatment of blacks and have complete judicial case deciding power(marshall law) -1860 "ironclad" -constitution with 14th amendment and black male suffrage -Samuel Chase helped out |
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Army Act
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1866
limited president's control over army so he would not interfere with military recosntruction |
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Tenure of Office Act
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1867
-forbade president from firing cabinet member -Johnson tried to fire Edwin Stanton (extreme repub from Lincoln sec of War) -attempt of impeachment after this |
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Scalawag
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S republicans
"traitors" |
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carpet bagger
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N went S
investment/buisness men mercenaries/teachers |
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15th amendment
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universal male suffrage
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union league
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republican organization to ensure black rights
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Force Acts of 1870/1
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-US military involved to stop raids against S blacks
-underground harassment still continues though |
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Freedman's Bureau
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congress made it in 1865
-food/shelter/aid -3000 schools -hundreds of thousands to read |
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Election of 1868
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Repub Grant
-war pop= victory -new black vote for him |
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Fisk Gould
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scandal under Grant
-Grant's b-i-l to stop treasury release of gold and sold it at profits -treasury released it and market flooded leading to a black friday |
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Credit Moblier
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Transcontinental rr around MS
Union Pacific hired by gov -padded the bill -hired themselves Credit moblier -hush money to congressmen -Grant's vp covered it up |
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Whisky Ring
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tax collecters defrauded
kickbacks from liquor industry |
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Election of 1872
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-grants scandals but ran anyway
-Dem run Horace Greely (newspaper) -grant wins |
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end of reconstruction
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1876 deal
-Tilden wins pop vote -votes in SC;LA;Fl disputed he only needed on electoral vote to win -corrupt said Hays won in all three -voter fraud -black freedoms rolled back in S and North would turn blind eye if Hays president |
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Transcontinental railroad
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-completed 1869
-Union Pacific met Central Pacific in Prometary Point Utath |
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modern technology during guilded age
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light bulb
linotype-newspaper press typewriter |
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Horatio Alger
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rags to riches novels in guilded age
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KOL
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1869
Terrance Powderly -fought for 8 hour workday -health and safety reg -limits on child labour -SKILLED AND UNSKILLED -NEGOTIATIONS -HAY MAKRKET RIOT |
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AFL
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American Federation of Labour
Euriya Stephens -SKILLED -different craft unions -local needs - 8 hour work day/6day week/higher wage/conditions/compensation -COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND STRIKES |
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Hay Market Riot
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Chicago 1886
downfall of the KOL 3 days peaceful then asked to dispense -bomb thrown by anarchists and killed 7 cops/4 protestors |
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Homestead Strike
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Homestead, Pa 1892
-iron/steel/tin workers protesting wage at CARNEGY STEEL PLANT -PINKERTON GUARDS -prez Ben Harrison called in national guard to break strike - unions in steel industry powerless until 1930 -tarnished rep of Harisson and Carnegie |
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Pullman Strike
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Illinois 1894
wage cut protest -held up r.r. in Chicago for 2 months -court order strike end -Grover Cleveland called in fed soldiers to end with little violence |
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open shop
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do not have to belong to a union to work there
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closed shop
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-have to belong to a union to work there
-forced to give into injunctions |
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Sherman Anti-trust act
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1890
aimed at ending corporation monopolies= conspiracy in the restraint of free trade -used against unions |
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Vertecal Integration
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own mines/r.r/factory
all means of production Carnegy |
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Bessemer Process
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cold air to hot steel
carbonize it more maliable/hard than steel |
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Trust
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stockholders of various companies pool their rescorces to manage competeing corporations
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Alfred Thayer Mahan
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-wrote The Influence of Sea Power on History
-GB -canal through SA/Guam outposts/mod navy |
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yellow journalism
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Heast and Pullitzer
Spanish American War (1898) |
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Jose Martin
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leads revolt in Cuba against Spanish
put down by butcher weiler revolt gets US involved |
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Delome Letter
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1898 Spanish American War
-Delome is Spanish ambassador -in dispatch to Spain he ridicules McKinley -stolen and printed in newspaper -war cry |
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USS Maine
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-1898 rebellion in Cuba so USS MAINE sent to Havannah harbor
-ship sank mistake? but Spain blamed "Remember the Maine" cause for war in McKinley's eyes |
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The Teller Amendment
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After USS Maine in 1898
-war declared then this amendment: -if we do overthrow Spanish in Cuba, we will not take over Cuba (altruistic purposes) |
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Emilio Aguinaldo
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-leader of Phillipino Freedom Fighters (rebels)
-aided US in Spanish American War to capture city of Manilla -led revolt against US in 1899-1902 -brutal guerrilla tactics and US brutally interrogates -put down 1902 -first president of Phillipines |
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Treaty of Paris (1898)
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ends Spanish American War
-US gains Puerto Rico/guam -phillipines (reluctant but dont want Japan/Euro to have it) - anti imperialists feel US going to far |
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Platt Amendment
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-amendment to the Teller Amendment (1900)
-US intervention in Cuba -Cuba becomes American protectorate -US annexes Guantano Bay (used in cold war) |
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Open Door Policy
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1900
-formulated under sec of state for McKinley and Teddy Rose=John Hay -calls for nations to give up spheres and tariffs/ apply even rr rates -Everyone but British reject us |
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Boxer Rebellion
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1900
-Tzu Hsi calls for expuslsion of foreigners so boxers listen -lay seige to embasy in Peking -international rescue force relieve embasy and destroy boxers -Chinese then agree to presence of foreign troops/navy stationed -US gets 18M tribute for lives lost |
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JOhn Hay's second round of notes
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-initially ignored but due to rivalries kept in check
Hays wants to trade so no colonies better for US -stops Euro from colonizing China fortright |
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Corollary to Monroe Doctrine
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1903
-reaction to Euro nations consideration to invate LA countries to collect outstanding debts from them -in corollary we would pay debt then recollect |
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Treaty of Portsmouth
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1905
-TR mediated treaty between Russia and Japan ending Russo-Jap war -won nobel peace prize |
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Hay-Pauncefote Treaty
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1901
-John Hay and Lord P of GB -US has sole rights to build canal in LA (Brits get to use it on US dime) |
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Clayton Bueler Treaty
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1901
-US and GB agreed no other country would build a canal -would stop all others |
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Phillipe Buena-Varilla
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1901
-actively lobeyed for Panamanian route in his country for canal -French engineer -led Panamanians to revolt -treaty with Hay in 1903 |
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Hay-Buena Varilla Treaty
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1903
-US rep and Varilla build canal 1904-1914 |
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Gentleman’s Agreement
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1908
-series of CA state laws segregate against Asians -TR brokers deal with Jap in which Cali laws repealed bu Japs limited from America |
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banana republics
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-result of Taft's dollar diplomacy
-sometimes dictatorships arose because of our profits ahead of democracy -they hate yankee imperialism |
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Lodge Corollary
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1911
-Japanese want to buy Baja peninsula -US doesnt want foreigners on our continent! -Henry Cabot Lodge gets bill through congress that says non Euro powers excluded from owning property in the W -Mex and Japs back away from Baja |
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Jones Act
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1916
-full teritorial right to Phillipines -bill of rights/male suffrage -ind when stable gov |
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Victoriano Huerta
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-assasinated democratically eleccted president of Mexico in 1913
-Wilson refused to recognize his legitimacy -wilson supports Rebels fightin against Huerta -falls from power 1914 |
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Tampico Incident
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(1914)
-several sailors arrested when they go ashore in Mexico -US naval offices in charge of ship demand that they are released and Huerta apologizes -Huerta refuses to apologize -Wilson orders troops to occupy Vera Cruz -ABC powers intervene and conflict avoided |
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Poncho Villa
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-challenges gov put in place by US after Huerta falls
-led raids into US to cause trouble with US/MEx relations -murder US citizen in Tex -chased by JOhn Jay Pershing for months but never caught |
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John Jay Pershing
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"black jack"
hired by Wilson to chase PonchoVilla in 1916 |
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Boss Tweed
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-Tameny Hall NYC
-control of new immigrants -Corruption dealt with by Thomas Nast (Harper's Weekly) |
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graft
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padding the bill
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New Immigrants
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S/E Europe
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17th amendment
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1913
senator's directly voted in |
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Robert Lafollete
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"fighting bob"
-Republican progressvie governer of WC - ended corruption of lumber and rr industries -regulated public utitlties |
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Coaline Strike
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-workers felt underpaid for long hours and dangerous work
-demanded 20% pay increase and 9 hour workday -George Baer rep for mine owners -private strike breakers called in because schools/hospitals affected without coal -TR stepped in and threatened to seize mine and make it public utility - led to 10% increase and 9 hour workday -union not recognized though |
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Department of Commerce and Labour
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-Created by TR in 1903
-deal with conflicts - Bureau of Corporations w/in this department |
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Bureaud of Corporations
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-created with in Department of Commerce and Labour
-fed regulated buiss in interstate commerce -trust busting |
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Elkins Act
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1903/roosevelt
to deal with rr monopolies removed rebates in rr |
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Hepburn Act
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1906
-power to ICC to stop RR trusts |
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Northern Security Company
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-RR holding company by JP Morgan and James HIll
-took Roosevelt's attempt to break them to the supreme court and lost |
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Meat Inspection Act
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1906
-fed gov could inspect meat shipped over state lines |
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Aldrich-Vreeland Act
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1908 (TR)
allowed for more currency to be released |
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Payne-Aldrich Bill/Tariff
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1909 (Taft)
-reduced tariff rates overall but increased it on many key items -upsets progressives in Republican party |
|
Richard Ballinger
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-Taft's secretary of the interior
-opened large areas of Western states to corporate development (mines/factories) |
|
Gifford Pinchot
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-founder of modern environmental movement
-chief of agricultural department and division of forestry under Taft -openly criticized Ballinger's policy and Taft fired him for insubordination, angering progressive party |
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16th amendment
|
graduated income tax
|
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underwood tariff
|
1913 Wilson
-reduced tariff levels -needed new revenue so made 16th amendment in 1913 |
|
Federal Reserve Act
|
1913 (Wilson)
-set up federal reserve board to oversee 12 regional reserved banks to issue money to commercial banks as needed -allowed for elasticity -begining of modern banking system |
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Federal Trade Commission Act
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1914 (Wilson)
appointed committe to strictly regulare interstate industry to go after unlawful competition/false advertising/mislabeling/bribing |
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Clayton Anti-Trust Act
|
1914 (wilson)
-expanded power of Sherman anti-trust act of 1890 but actually goes after trust now not laborers -price descrimination/interlocking directorates (cahoots) illegal -excludes unions/agricultural alliances -strikes and peaceful picketing legal |
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The Wabash Case
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state cant regulate rr
fed should |
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Muller v Oregon
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1908
womens weak |
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Lockner v NY
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10 hour work day for bakers unconstitutional
|