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Encomenderos (Spanish conquistadors) were to receive tribute and household services from the native Central Americans in return for providing food, clothing, and religious instructions to the natives. Considered a form of slavery by some.

The exchange of goods, food, textiles, animals, religion, disease and culture between the New World and the Old World. Named after the Spanish explorer, Christoforo Colombo (Christopher Columbus)

In the new world, the Spanish and Portuguese battled for legal rights to the lands, Pope Alexander VI, mediated The Treaty of Tordesillas, which split the lands along an imaginary line, giving the Spanish all the lands to the west of the line and all the lands to the east of the line to the Portuguese.

The first African slaves arrived in the proprietary colony of Carolina in 1619. The slaves were used to plant and harvest Tobacco and Rice.

Spain tended to conquer and enslave the native inhabitants of the regions it colonized. The Spanish also made great efforts to convert Native Americans to Catholicism.

The french had significantly friendlier relations with indigenous tribes, tending to ally with them and many times adopt native practices.

The Dutch attempted to build a great trading empire, and while it achieved great success in other parts of the world, its settlements on the North American continent, soon fell to the English. The dutch were the first to colonize what is now present day New York City.

England differed from the three other powers in that the other three all depended on the Native Americans in different ways whether it be slave labor, allies or as trading partners. English colonies, by contrast, attempted to exclude Natives as much as possible, ignoring them and not assimilating. Later when English colonies grew so large that conflict with native tribes became inevitable, the English launched the wars of extermination.

As new settlements sprang up around Jamestown, the entire area came to be known as the Chesapeake. Many who migrated to the Chesapeake did so for financial reasons. Many were attracted to the New World by the opportunity provided by indentured servitude.

In return for free passage, young white males, would typically promise seven to ten years of labor service, after which they would receive their freedom and a small piece of land. This land provided 2 things. 1) The ability to survive and grow cash crops and 2) The ability to vote as voting rights were tied to ownership of land.

As plantations and demands for labor grew, so did slave populations. BY 1790 nearly 750,000 blacks were enslaved by North American colonies. All slaves came from the triangular trade route among the colonies, Europe, and Africa. The harsh conditions and horrors of the triangle trade prompted congress to end participation in the trade route in 1808. Slavery itself did not end in the US until 1865.

Bacon's rebellion was an armed rebellion in 1676 by Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of governor Willliam Berkely. The immediate cause of the rebellion was Gov. Berkeley's refusal to retaliate for a series of Native American attacks on frontier settlements... (See external sources for more in depth info, IT WILL BE ON THE TEST, LEARN IT, LOVE IT, LIVE IT.)

Made up of Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts and New Hampshire. Founded in 1636 and made up of mostly Puritans.

English Calvinists led a Protestant movement called Puritanism, the adherents desired to purify the Anglician church of Roman Catholic practices. English monarchs of the early 17th century persecuted the Puritans, causing them to seek a new place to practice their faith.

The Pueblo Revolt of 1680, also known as Pope's rebellion, it was the uprising of the Pueblo Indians against the Spanish colonizers. The revolt killed 400 Spanish and drove the remaining 2,000 settlers out of the province. Twelve years later the Spanish returned to reoccupy with great force.

The colonial American desire to emulate English society, including English tastes in food, customs, and architecture, in the New World colonies.

Puritanism had declined by the 1730's, and people were upset about the decline in religious piety. The Great Awakening was a sudden outbreak of religious fervor that swept through the colonies. One of the first events to unify the colonies.

The economic policy in which the government exercised control over industry and trade with the idea that national strength and economic security comes from exporting more than is imported.

Took place between 1754 and 1763. France attempted to stop the westward expansion of the British. The British declared war, the Indians sided with the french. after 9 years the British won and became the sole power in the colonial north america.

1789-1799. Inspired by liberal and radical ideologies, the revolution altered the course of history, triggering the global decline of theocracies and absolute monarchies, replacing them with republics and democracies.

Virginian who was commander in chief of the Continental Army and president of the Constitutional convention. Later became the first president of the united states, was a founding father. He was offered the role of monarch over the USA but declined. He was a bad ass.

An open letter of advice and warning to the american people about their long term safety and happiness. Warned of the dangers of being a young republic from factors both domestic and foreign. Advised that political parties not be formed as it would only separate the people.

Published in 1776, Common Sense challenged the authority of the British government and the royal monarchy. The plain language that Paine used to speak to the common people of America allowed his work to be analyzed by many. It was the first work to openly ask for independence from Great Britain.

Ratified on July 4th, 1776. Announced that the thirteen american colonies then at war with Great Britain, regarded themselves as thirteen newly independent sovereign states and no longer a part of the British Empire. Instead forming a new nation, The United States of America. #USAUSAUSA

The first written constitution of the united states. stemming from wartime urgency, its progress was slowed by fears of central authority and extensive land claims before it was ratified on march 1, 1781.

The supreme law of the land of the United States of America. Originally compromising of seven articles, delineates the national frame of government. Its first three articles entrench the doctrine of separation of powers, dividing the government into three branches.

The bill of rights is the collective name for the first ten amendments to the united states constitution.

An ordinance for the govt. of the territory of the unites states, north west of the river Ohio, was an act of the congress of confederation, the ordinance created the northwest territory, the first organized territory of the United states.

The territory northwest of the river ohio, was organized and incorporated territory of the united states. it existed from july 13, 1787 until march 1, 1803, when the southeastern portion of the land was admitted to the Union as the newest state, Ohio.

Who were the primary caretakers of american children? american women. if the republic were to succeed women must be schooled in virtue so they could teach their children. the first american academies were founded in the 1790's. this idea of an educated woman came to be known as republican motherhood. #GOWOMEN

The federalists were the first american political party, from the early 1790's until 1816. the federalists controlled the government until 1801. their policies called for a national bank, tariffs and good relation with Britain.

It was the second political party in the united states and was organized by then US sec of state Thomas Jefferson and his ole pal James Madison to oppose the federalist party.

Founded in 1828 and is the same party that exists today. Andrew Jackson was the party's first major leader. Were in favor of states rights and did not like the federal govt. involvement in social and economic affairs. Worked to bring down the national bank and protective tariff.

A tariff imposing 8% on imports. Passed by the first congress. Revenue was the main goal and to protect domestic economy.

Active from 1833 to 1856. In favor of a stronger federal government that was dominated by congress. supported the national bank and the protective tariff. made up of industrialists and nationalists.

vested rights in contract clauses; expanded Court's jurisdiction; judicial nationalism; blocking state regulations that limited property rights; freeing american commerce from restraints.

A protestant revival movement during the early 19th century in the US. gained momentum in 1800 and after 1820 membership in evangelical denominations was in the millions. stressed philosophy of good deeds and tolerance for all protestants. the revival attracted women, blacks and even native americans. the first occurrence of a moral reasoning against slavery in the popular culture.

a spirit that many of the nations cultural leaders got from Europe. in literature, philosophy, art and even in politics and economics. American intellectuals committed themselves to the ideas of liberating the human spirit. based on emotion/intuition.

A war between US and GB caused by american outrage over the impressment of American sailors, British seizure of american ships and even aiding Native Americans attacking the Americans on the western frontier.

a drastic change in the manual labor system originating in the south and later spread to the entire world. traditional commerce became outdated with the transportation and industrail revolution. As a result, the north started to have a more powerful economy that was starting to challenge the economies of some mid-sized European cities at the time.

U.S. acquisition of the Louisiana territory from France in 1803 for only $15 million. The purchase secured American control of the Mississippi river and doubled the size of the nation.

State of Missouri admitted to the Union as a slave state, Maine as a free state. The 36,30 line drawn between slave and free states.

This expression was popular in the 1840s. Many people believed that the U.S. was destined to secure territory from "sea to sea," from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. This rationale drove the acquisition of territory.

(1846-1848) Conflict after US annexation of Texas; Mexico still considered Texas its own; Victor: US; granted all land from Texas to California (minus the Gadsden Purchase) in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

the policy of protecting the interests of the native born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants

supporters of the abolishment of slavert

South Carolina deemed the federal tariff of 1828 and 1832 unconstitutional and therefore void and null within the boundaries of South Carolina.

Forestalled the civil war by instating the Fugitive Slave Act , banning slave trade in DC, admitting California as a free state, splitting up the Texas territory, and instating popular sovereignty in the Mexican Cession

1854 - Created Nebraska and Kansas ans states and gave the people in those territories the right to chose to be a slave or free state through popular soveirgnty

A Missouri slave sued for his freedom claiming that his four year stay in the northern portion of Louisiana territory made free land by the Missouri compromise had made him a free man. the us supreme court ruled that he did not have the right to sue because he was property and not a citizen.

began in the 1850s, dedicated to keeping slavery out of the territories, but they championed a wider range of issues, including the further development of national roads, more liberal land distribution in the West, and increased protective tariffs. Comprised of Whigs, Northern Democrats, and Free-Soilers, in defiance to the Slave Powers

Republican - Abraham Lincoln. Democrat - Stephan A. Douglas, John C. Breckenridge. Constitutional Union - John Bell. Issues were slavery in the territories (Lincoln opposed adding any new slave states).

After victory of Antietam, Lincoln announces on the first of 1863 all slaves in the rebelling states would be free. AIM; injure confederacy, threaten its property, heighten its dread and hurt morale in the south

1865-1877. Period after the civil war during which northern political leaders created plans for the governance of the south and a procedure for former southern states to rejoin the union. southern resentment in this era lasted well into the twentieth century.

Congressional group that wished to punish the south for its secession from the union; pushed for measures that gave economic and political rights to newly freed blacks in the south and made it difficult for the confederate states to rejoin the union

a house where immigrants came to live upon entering the US. Instruction was given on how to get a job and vote. First settlement house was the hull house which was opened by jane addams in chicago in 1889.

Completed in 1869, it linked California's railroad system was to the eastern rail roads. This made travel, trade and shipping much faster and cheaper. It took land away from the Native Americans and killed off many of them in the early stages while controversy arose out of the ownership of the lands on which the railroad was built

Government takes a non interference approach to the business and economic matter of the nation. if the government does involve themselves in business matters, to keep its influence to a minimum.

1896, a landmark United states supreme court decision which deemed segregation constitutional as long as public facilities were equal in manner and use. The doctrine of "separate but equal" was born.

War fought between the US and Spain in Cuba and the Philippines. Lasted less than 3 months and resulted in Cubas independence as well as the Us annexing Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

American force of 14,500 that landed in France in June 1917 under the command of General John Pershing. Both women and blacks served during the war, mostly under white officers.

Black artistic movement in New York City in 1920's when writers, poets, painters and musicians came together to express feelings and experiences, especially about the injustices of Jim Crow.

the movement of 1919-1920 spawned by fear of Bolshevik revolution, that resulted in the arrest and deportation of many political radicals.

Economic crisis of the 1930's. Period of very low business activity in the U.S. and other countries, roughly beginning in the stock market crash and continuing through the 30's.

Series of domestic programs enacted in 1933 and 1938. In response to the great depression, and focused on what historians call the 3 R's. Relief recovery and reform. Relief for the unemployed and poor, recovery of the economy and reform of financial system to prevent another depression.

A social system whereby the state assumes primary responsibility for the economic and social well being of its citizens.

December 7, 1941. Japan launches a surprise attack on American naval base in Pearl Harbor Hawaii. Resulted in the US admission to WWII.

Forced relocation and incarceration during world war II, of 120,000 japanese americans.

First "hot war" of the cold war. Soviet backed North korean forces invaded south korea but were stopped by UN forces, dominated by US. War ended in 1953.