Apush - Vocab Final Exam Ch. 1-9

The name given to the land that connected Alaska and Siberia thousands of years ago, which now under the current Bering Sea.

The name of early residents of North America whose spear points were found near what is now Clovis, New Mexico, in 1929.

A name given to Native American tribes that built large burial and ceremonial mounds on which religious and sports activities took place.

The bubonic plague that devastated Eu in the 1300s, reducing the population by as much as half.

Treaty confirmed by the pope in 1494 to resolve the claims of Spain and Portugal in the Americas.

The name given to the lands Europeans encountered across the Atlantic after 1492, in honor of the explorer Amerigo Vespucci.

The overland trading route 1st established by the Venetian trader Marco Polo in the late 1200s

The transatlantic exchange of plants, animals, and diseases that occurred after the 1st Eu contact with the Americas.

The name of Spain’s first empire in the Americas.

In the Spanish colonies, the grant to a Spanish settler of a certain number of American Indian subjects, who would pay him tribute in goods and labor.

The name given to the early Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru.

A document with 95 points that a young monk, MLK, hoped would lead to a series of reforms within the Catholic Church.

The process that began w/ MLK efforts to reform the Catholic Church’s practices in the early 1500s and that eventually led followers of Luther, Calvin, and others completely break from the Catholic Church.

A relatively new development in Eu during the 1300s and 1400s in which nations replacing both the smaller kingdoms and city-states.

An agreement among different smaller kingdoms in Germany that no ruler would attack the kingdom of another on religious grounds.

A 1648 peace treaty between a # of Eu powers that significantly extended the ideas of the Peace of Augsburg.

The name given by early Spanish explorers to a number of Native American pueblos.

Within the Church of England, one group of Protestants who wanted to establish a church that was led by the English monarchy.

Individuals who believed that reforms of the Church of England had not gone far enough in improving the church.

A name given to the Separatists within the Church of England who settled Plymouth, Massachusetts.

The 1620 agreement made among the Pilgrims and others (whom the Pilgrims called “Stranglers”) on board the ship that brought them to Plymouth.

The legal charter given to the London-based corporation that launched Massachusetts Bay colony.

Plan adopted in 1662 by New England clergy that allowed adults who had been baptized because their parents were church members, but who had not yet experienced conversions, to have their own children baptized.

A colony created when the English monarch granted a huge tract of land to an individual as his private property.

A system of land distribution during the early era that granted settlers a set amount of land for each “head” (or person) who settled in the colony.

An individual who contracted to serve for a period of 4 to 7 years in return for payment of passage to America.

People of mixed bloodlines, usually the children of European fathers and Native American mothers and their descendants.

A 1676 rebellion in VI, led by a recent immigrant from England, Nathaniel Bacon, in which a militia attacked not only Indian villages but also the royal governor before being defeated.

Rebellion in 1680 of Pueblo Indians in New Mexico against their spanish suppression of native religious activity and excessive Spanish demands for India labor.

The horrendous voyage in which slaves were taken from West Africa to slave colonies in the Americas during which as many as a quarter died.

Uprising in 1739 of South Carolina slaves against whites; inspired in part by Spanish officials’ promised freedom for American slaves who expanded to Florida.

The 1692-93 hysteria in Salem, Mass., during which women and men were accused of being witches who had made a pact with the devil, some of whom were executed for the crime.

Economic system whereby the government intervenes in the economy for the purpose of increasing national wealth.

Economic system best described best Adam Smith in 1776 in which trade is seen as the source of wealth rather than as exchange of goods themselves; as a result, wealth can continually expand as trade expands.

A pattern of trade that developed in the 1700s in which slaves from Africa were sent to the West indies and mainland North America while goods and other resources were shipped between the West indies and North America and Britain.

Major intellectual movement occurring in EU beginning in the 1600s that led many to look more to scientific advances and the role of human reason in understanding the world than to religion.

Indian uprising (1763-1766) led by Pontiac of the Ottawas Neolin of the Delawares.

Royal proclamation of 1763 designed to protect indian tribes by setting a boundary at the peaks of the Appalachian Mountains beyond which no western white settlement was to take place.

The name given to those in the colonies- perhaps ⅕ to ⅓ of the total population- who supported the British and opposed American independence.

The long struggle (ending in 1492) during which Spanish Christians reconquered the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim occupies, who first invaded in the 8th century.

Plan put forward in 1754 by Massachusetts governor William Shirley, Benjamin Franklin, and other colonial leaders, calling for an intercolonial union to manage defense and Indian affairs.

Indian uprising (1763-1766) led by Pontiac of the Ottawas Neolin of the Delawares.

A complex, changing body of class, values, and assumptions that held that self-government by the citizens of a country, or their representatives, provided a more reliable foundation for the good society and individual freedom than rule by kings or any other distant elite.

The British policy of forcibly enlisting sailors into the British navy against their will. It had long been a source of resentment toward the British government in port towns.

Secret organizations in the colonies formed to oppose the Stamp Act. From 1765 until independence, members spoke, wrote and took direct action against British measures especially the Stamp Tax and the tax on tea.

After months of increasing friction between townspeople and the British troops stationed in the city, on March 5, 1770, British troops fired on American civilians in Boston who were throwing projectiles at them, killing 5 and stirring even greater hatred toward the British army.

Organized as a women’s response to the Sons of Liberty, the Daughters opposed British measures, avoided British taxed tea, spun their own yarn, and wove their own cloth to avoid purchasing British goods.

Meeting of delegates from most of the colonies held in Philadelphia in 1774 in response to the British efforts to tax the colonies.

An assemblage of delegates from all the colonies that converted in May 1775 that eventually declared independence, adopted the Articles of Confederation, and conducted the Revolutionary War.

Written document setting up the loose confederation of states that made up the first national government of the United States from 1781 to 1788.

A form of government in which power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation.

An armed movement of debt-ridden farmers in western Massachusetts in the winter of 1786-87 who objected to the state’s effort to tax them to pay off the Revolutionary War debt.

Legislation passed by Congress under the Articles of Confederation that provided for public schools, the sale of government land, and prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territories.

The belief that women should have more rights and a better education so that they might support husbands and raise sons who would actively participate in the political affairs of society.

Conference of state delegates that issued a call in September 1786 for a convention to consider changes to the Articles of Confederation.

Convention that met in Philadelphia in 1787 and drafted the Constitution of the United States.

The 1st proposal put forward at the Constitutional convention, which included two houses of Congress, both elected by proportional representation, and a national executive and judiciary.

A core aspect of the Constitution that by which different parts of the new national government would have their authority always limited by other parts.

A system of government in which power is clearly divided between state governments and the national-- or federal-- government.

A way of selecting representatives in Congress based on the total population of a state, as opposed to having each state receive equal votes in Congress.

A proposal of the New Jersey delegation to the Constitutional Convention by which both houses of Congress would be elected by states, with equal size delegation for every state.

proposed for creating a national bicameral legislature in which all states would be equally represented in the Senate and proportionally represented in the House.

A system in which each state selects presidential electors according to the # of its senators and representatives in Congress by whatever method it prefers, and these electors then president.

Another compromised from the Constitutional Convention by which slaves--through the term was never used-- would be counted as ⅗ of a person for purposes of establishing a state’s representation under the proportional representation plan.

Supporters of the Constitution; those who favored its ratification.

Opponents of the Constitution; those who argued against its ratification.

The first 10 amendments to the Constitution passed by Congress in 1789 and ratified by the states in 1791.

The 1st federal bank, chartered in 1781, issued currency for the country and stabilized the economy.

A treaty agreed to in 1795 in which Native Americans in the Northwest Territory were forced to cede most of the present states of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin to the US.

Armed uprising in 1794 by farmers in western Pennsylvania who attempted to prevent the collection of the excise tax on whiskey.

A treaty w/ Britain, negotiated in 1794, in which the US made major concessions to avert a war over British seizure of American ships.

A treaty with Spain that set the border between the US and Spanish Florida.

Diplomatic incident in 1798 in which Americans were outraged by the demand of the French for a bride as a condition for negotiating with American diplomats. ‘

An undeclared war--1797 to 1800-- between the US and France.

A series of 3 act passed by Congress in 1798 that made it harder for new immigrants to vote and made it a crime to criticize the president or Congress.

Resolutions written by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison that criticized the Alien & Sedition Acts and asserted the rights of states to declare federal law null and void within a state.

A complex, changing body of ideas, values and assumptions that developed in the United States in the late 1790s and early 1800s around Thomas Jefferson and James Madison’s political organizing their campaigns for the presidency.

:A tax imports into any nation.

The name the Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans gave to those judges appointed by the outgoing Federalist president John Adams.

Supreme Court decision of 1803 that created the precedent of judicial review by ruling part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 as unconstitutional.

A power implied in the Constitution that gives federal courts the right to review and determine that constitutionality of acts passed by Congress and state legislatures.

A phrase coined by Thomas Jefferson to make clear his belief that the 1st amendment to the Constitution guaranteed that governments should not interfere with the work of churches, and churches should not interfere with, or expect support from, government.

The name given to the state-church or to the creation of an “established church” that might play a role in, and expect support and loyalty from, all citizens.

One who has religious orientation that rejects divine revelation and holds that the workings of nature alone reveal God’s design for the universe.

A series of religious revivals in the first half of the 1800s characterized by great emotionalism in large public meetings.

The 1803 US purchase of the vast land holdings that France claimed along the west side of the Mississippi River beginning in NEw Orleans and extending through the heart of North America to the Canadian border.

The name given to expedition led by Lewis & Clark in 1804-1806 that explored the Louisiana Purchase and the Oregon lands extending to the West Coast.

An act passed by Congress in 1807 prohibiting AMerican ships from leaving for any foreign port.

An act, passed by Congress in 1809, designed to modify the Embargo Act by limiting it to trade with Britain and France so as to extend US commerce in the rest of the world.

:Members of Congress, mostly from the SOuth and West, who aggressively pushed for a war against Britain after their election in 1810.

A treaty signed in December 1814 between the US and Britain that ended the War of 1812.

A meeting of Federalist delegates from the New England states to protest the continuation of the War of 1812.

An 1819 treaty between the United States & Spain that led to American acquisition of Florida and Florida & America rights in the Oregon Territory in return for a $5 million payment to Spain.

A declaration by President James Monroe in 1823 that the Western Hemisphere was to be closed off to further European colonization and that the United States would not allow European interference in the internal affairs of independent nations anywhere in the Americas.