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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe how to carry out a flame test. |
Dip a nichrome wire in concentrated hydrochloric acid to remove unwanted ions dip the wire into the unknown compound and hold it in the clear blue flame of a bunsen burner observe the colour change |
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State the colour of calcium, strontium and barium when carrying out a flame test.
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Calcium - Brick red Strontium - Red Barium - Pale Green |
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Describe and explain how to carry out a litmus paper test.
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Use a damp piece of red litmus paper Damp so that ammonia can dissolve Litmus paper will turn blue |
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State the ionic equation of the reaction between hydroxide ions and ammonium ions. |
NH4⁺ + OH⁻ → NH3 + H2O |
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Describe how you would use sodium hydroxide to test for ammonium ions. |
Add dilute sodium hydroxide solution to the sample substance in the boiling tube And gently heat Ammonia gas will be given off if ammonium ions are present |
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Describe how to use hydrochloric acid and barium chloride to test for sulphates. |
Add a small volume of dilute hydrochloric acid to remove any traces of carbonate ions Then add barium chloride solution If a white precipitate of barium sulphate forms, then sulphate ions are present |
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Describe how you would test for hydroxides. |
Dip red litmus paper into the solution It will turn blue if hydroxides are present |
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Describe how to test for halides with silver nitrate solution. |
Add dilute nitric acid to remove unwanted ions Then add a few drops of silver nitrate solution Observe the silver halide precipitates formed |
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State the colour of the silver halide precipitates. |
Fluorine - N/A Chlorine - White Bromine - Cream Iodine - Yellow |
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Describe how to use hydrochloric acid to test for carbonates, and state the ionic equation |
Add hydrochloric acid to the sample. If carbonates are present, it will fizz. Then bubble the gas produced through limewater. If the limewater goes cloudy, carbonates are present. CO3²⁻+ 2H⁺ → CO2 + H2O |
