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22 Cards in this Set
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Maison Carrée
Nimes, France c. 20 BCE Roman (Republic) Unknown Architect - Roman architecture that models after Greek architecture. Bilaterally symmetric with a column-entablature build. Raised on a stereobate and use of engaged columns to mimic the Greek method of columns all around. Roman qualities include a single entrance with a direct entryway, and placed within a more urban area. ** connect to Etruscan: rectangular cella with a front porch at one end with one flight of stairs. -Corinthian Columns - Originally a temple to Gaius and Lucius, but rededicated as a Christian Church. - instead of stairs surrounding the building, there is only one flight of stairs leading to one entrance. |
Maison Carrée
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Temple of Vesta
Tivoli, Italy c. 1st century BCE Roman (Imperial) Unknown Architect - A circular temple devoted to the goddess Vesta (Hestia) of harvest. Very rural and secluded, more Greek like. |
Temple of Vesta
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Pont du Gard
Nimes, France (near) c. Late 1st century CE Roman (Imperial) Architect Unknown - An example of Roman engineering and problem solving. The Pont du Gard is part of an aqueduct that transports water only by power of gravity. - built with arcades: linear series of arches - brought water to every person in Nimes - arches are all different widths to accommodate the changing ground. |
Pont du Gard
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Pantheon
Rome, Italy c. 120-130 CE Roman (High Imperial) Apollodorus of Damascus - temple to Mars, Venus, and the divine Julius Caesar - created during the emperors Trajan and Hadrian - Built by Marcus Agrippa advised by Augustus, but after fire it was demolished. Then, it was recreated by Apollodorus of Damascus. - Oculus at top, circular dome that is half of the inscribed sphere of the entire building. - meant to be a haven from the outside world, the oculus becomes the "sun" - floor is slightly slanted to drain water coming from the oculus. - |
Pantheon
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Forum of Trajan
Rome, Italy c. 110-113 CE Roman (Imperial) Apollodorus of Damascus (Commissioned by Trajan) - Entrance, Courtyard, Basilica, Two libraries, Market. - Last and largest imperial forum. - Emperor Trajan, but ended with Hadrian. - The purpose of forum is to honor Trajan. - Straight central axis leads from the Forum of Augustus through a triple arched gate that leads into a colonnaded square with a statue of Trajan on horseback. |
Forum of Trajan
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Trajan's Column
Rome, Italy c. 110-113 CE Roman Apollodorus of Damascus - spirals upwards in a band, representative of a scrolls housed in the libraries next to it. - more than 2500 individual figured linked by landscape and architecture. - nature and architectural elements in the scene. people are larger and everything else is in small detail - it is hollow with a winding staircase within to reach the platform above. |
Trajan's Column
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Basilica Ulpia
Rome, Italy c. 110-113 CE Roman Apollodorus of Damascus - North end of the forum. - Dedicated in 112 CE - Named after Trajan's Family - Adaptable for a variety of administrative functions: more public. (assemblies, court of law, speeches, audience hall, army drill hall, school) - includes a large nave with a clerestory on top. - there are apses at each end. |
Basilica Ulpia
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Markets of Trajan
Rome, Italy c. 100-110 CE Roman Apollodorus of Damascus - part of the commercial forum had to be moved to make way for Trajan's forum, as compensation he built another market. - more than 150 individual shops - was created with concrete, faced with brick. - included a large groin-vaulted main hall and several levels. |
Markets of Trajan
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Flavian Amphitheater/Colosseum
Rome, Italy c. 70-80 CE Roman (Imperial) Vespasian, Titus - it was an arena - floor laid over a base of service rooms and tunnels. - floor covered by sand to absorb blood, it can be flooded if needed. - Change from Nero's private royal lake to a public area of entertainment - series of engaged columns on hte outside: doric on bottom, ionic in middle, corinthian on top. etablature like friezes marked the divisions between levels. - all purely decorative, not holding up building (actually uses arches) - three levels of seating laid over barrel vaulted access corridors and entrance tunnels. efficient passage -huge velarium: a huge shade/auning to keep it cooler - example of Roman engineering |
Flavian Amphiteater/Colosseum
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Arch of Titus
Rome, Italy c. 80 CE Roman (imperial) Unknown Architect (possibly Rabirius) Commissioned by Domitian - To honor the capture of Jerusalem in 70 CE by Domitian's Brother and Deified predecessor Titus. - Part architecture, part sculpture, distinctly roman. - To celebrate victory - Made of concrete, faced with marble. - Entrance covered by a single barrel vault. - engaged columns supporting an entablature - Relief on inside of arch depicts story of Romans carrying off sacred treasures from the temple in Jerusalem. |
Arch of Titus
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Arch of Constantine
Rome, Italy c. 312-315 CE Roman (Late Empire) Unknown Architect - Commemorate Constantine's victory over Maxentius. - A huge triple arch, often dwarfs the nearby Arch of Titus. - Shows progression of Roman engineering - three barrel-vaulted passageways - flanked by columns on high pedestal. - Senate commissioned it, not something from himself. - New reliefs were made for the arch to recount the story of Constantine's victory that were run in strips underneath the reused Hadrianic tondi. - It is a recycled sculpture. |
Arch of Constantine
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House-Synagogue
Dura-Europos, Syria c. 250 CE Jewish Architect Unknown |
House-Synagogue
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House Church
Dura-Eurorpos, Syria c. 250 CE Christian Architect Unknown |
House Church
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Catacomb of Priscilla
Rome, Italy c. 2nd century CE Roman Architect Unknown -paintings depict last supper with Jesus. |
Catacomb of Priscilla
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PICTURE OF A MOSAIC THING HERE
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Mosaic of Manon
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Mosaic of Manon
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Jewish Catacomb
Rome c. 1st-4th centuries CE Judaism Unknown Architect |
Jewish Catacomb
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Catacomb of St. Callistus
Rome, Italy c. 2nd Century CE Roman Architect Unknown - The Good Shepherd |
Catacomb of St. Callistus
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Catacomb of St. Peter & Marcellinus
Rome, Italy c. 3rd-4th centuries Architect Unknown - The Good Shepard is painted on the ceiling. It is made up of four semicircular lunettes framed by arches. - Center: Good Shepherd (roots in classical sculpture- reminder of Jesus's promise: "A good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep" - Surrounding the center are paintings depicting the story of Jonah and the sea monster from the Hebrew Bible. |
Catacomb of St. Peter & Marcellinus
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Basilica of St. Peter/Old St. Peter's
Rome, Italy c. 320-327 Christian Rome Donato Bramante, Michelangelo, Carlo Maderno and Gian Lorenzo Bernini - Longitudinal plan with a courtyard and a nave flanked on either side by two aisles, topped with a clerestory. An apse is located at the far end of the nave. - Hierarchical: there was specific seating for people of different levels of religious importance. - Named because this is where St. Peter is buried. - Courtyard and narthex are for people who have not yet been baptized. - Catacomb underneath the structure. - there is a perpendicular hall crossing in front of the apse. - This is reflective of Christian religious practices: a large gathering for worship, religious events (e.g. initiation) |
Basilica of St. Peter/Old St. Peter's
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Hagia Sophia
Constantinople/Istanbul, Turkey c. 532-537 CE Byzantine Anthemius of Tralles, Isidore of Miletus - the large dome resting on pendentives as a new method of supporting domes on a square base. - mix between longitudinal and central planning. bilateral symmetry enforces longitudinal plan, but large central dome give more central planned feel. - dome rests upon a series of arches to allow light to come in: "fenestration" clerestory - mozaic of azure and gold, marble slabs for walls - hierarchical seating layout. (only Justinian allowed in the nave along with clergy for religious practices) |
Hagia Sophia
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Dome of the Rock
Jerusalem c. 691-692 CE Islamic Unknown Architect |
Dome of the Rock
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Great Mosque or Cordoba Mosque
Cordoba, Spain c. 8th - 10th centuries CE Islamic Unknown Architect - had many additions added on to it |
Great Mosque
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