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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The greatest enemy of recorded detail is __________. |
Motion |
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SID has its greatest impact on what two image quality features? |
Image density Recorded detail/spatial resolution |
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Focal spot size impacts what image quality? |
Recorded detail/spatial resolution |
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The features/factors Illustrated here have a significant impact on what quality of the x-ray image? |
Scatter |
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How does each of these features/factors affect image production? |
As kV increases, scatter increases As field size increases, scatter increases As tissue thickness/density increases, scatter increases |
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From the following list, select the factors that are most likely to have an impact on image contrast: motion, beam restriction, protective filtration, grids. |
Beam restriction Grids |
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From the following list, select the factors that are most likely to have an impact on image contrast: part thickness, anode heel effect, pathology. |
Part thickness Pathology |
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From the following list, select the factors that are most likely to have an impact on image spatial resolution: focal spot size, SID, OID, kVp, mAs. |
Focal spot size SID OID |
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From the following list, select the factors that are most likely to have an impact on image spatial resolution: motion, beam restriction, protective filtration, grids. |
Motion |
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From the following list, select the factors that are most likely to have an impact on image spatial resolution: part thickness, anode heel effect, pathology. |
Part thickness (resulting in OID) |
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What exposure error is Illustrated in the image? |
Double exposure |
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Why is this CR image not overexposed? |
Because of automatic rescaling |
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Lack of adequate collimation and/or selection of incorrect processing algorithm is likely to cause __________ errors. |
Histogram analysis |
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From the following list, select the factors that are most likely to have an impact on image distortion: focal spot size, SID, OID, kVp, mAs. |
SID OID |
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From the following list, select the factors that are most likely to have an impact on image distortion: motion, beam restriction, protected filtration, grids. |
Motion |
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From the following list, select the factors that are most likely to have an impact on image distortion: part thickness, x-ray tube angle, IR angle. |
All of them |
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What was the cause of the exposure problem seen in this image? |
Improper positioning of the IP, causing failure of exposure field recognition |
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What does the abbreviation ROI refer to? |
Region of interest |
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CR artifacts that appear as random small black spots are usually representative of __________. |
Fog from environmental sources |
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What is the name of the computerized system in which the radiographer has a selection of exams available on the console from which to choose? |
Anatomically programmed radiography |
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What is the name of the computerized system in which pre-programmed exposure techniques are available? |
Anatomically programmed radiography |
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What is the name of the device that can be used to measure anatomical parts? |
Calipers |
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What is the name of the exposure system that is used to make small incremental changes in exposure to compensate for variations in body part thickness? |
Variable kilovoltage system |
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What is the name of the exposure system that uses an established, optimum kV for each anatomical part? |
Fixed kilovoltage system |
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What kV increase is indicated for a medium-sized plaster cast? |
5 to 8 kV |
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Using the variable kV exposure system, how is kV adjusted for each centimeter increase or decrease of tissue thickness? |
+-2 kV |
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Select the conditions that are likely to require an increase in exposure: atelectasis, gout, pneumonia, emphysema, osteochondroma. |
Atelectasis Pneumonia Osteochondroma |
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Select the conditions that are likely to require a decrease in exposure: congestive heart failure, sclerosis, pneumothorax, osteoporosis, cirrhosis. |
Pneumothorax Osteoporosis |
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What type of cast often requires no change in exposure? |
Fiberglass |
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How should technical factors be adjusted in pediatric radiography to minimize possible motion? |
Short exposure time with higher mA |
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List some examples of immobilization devices, techniques, and equipment used in pediatric radiography. |
Pigg-O-Stat Papoose board Sheet wrap Sandbags Compression band Stockinette Tape Radiolucent sponges |
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What are the two basic types of artificial contrast media? |
Positive (barium) and negative (air) |
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What are the two types of compound substances used to make positive contrast media? |
Iodine and barium |
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Artificial contrast media are required when subject contrast is __________. |
Low |
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Artificial contrast agents can be introduced into the body in what two ways? |
Injection and ingestion |
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Which type of contrast agent produces increased brightness in tissues? |
Positive |
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What can be used to increase image contrast when radiographic tissues having low subject contrast? |
An artificial contrast agent |
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What are the component parts of the AEC that function to measure the amount of radiation transmitted? |
Detectors/cells |
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What type of AEC uses a photomultiplier tube? |
Phototimer |
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What type of AEC is considered an "entrance-type" device? |
Ionization chamber |
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When using AEC, the radiographer should set the backup time to __________ of the total expected required exposure time. |
150% |
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Regulations require that AECs have a __________ mAs safety override. |
600 |
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Why is part positioning and centering so critical when using AEC? |
If the part is not accurately centered to the appropriate detector, over or under exposure is likely to occur |
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If a PA chest was performed with the center detector selected, the resulting image is likely to be __________. |
Overexposed |
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If a lateral lumbar spine were performed with the center detector selected and the spinous processes centered to the sensor, the resulting image is likely to be __________. |
Underexposed |
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What is the term used to describe the shortest exposure time that a particular AEC system can produce? |
Minimum response time |
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From the following list, select the factors that can have a significant impact on receptor exposure: focal spot size, SID, OID, kVp, mAs. |
SID kVp mAs |
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From the following list, select the factors that can have a significant impact on receptor exposure: motion, beam restriction, protective filtration, grids. |
Beam restriction Grids |
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From the following list, select the factors that can have a significant impact on receptor exposure: part thickness, anode heel effect, pathology. |
All of them |
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For the same FOV, arrange the following Matrix sizes in order of increasing spatial resolution: 1024x1024, 512x512, 4096x4096 |
512x512 1024x1024 4096x4096 |
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The extent/number of exposure intensities and image receptor can accurately detect is termed __________. |
Dynamic range |
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What is the term used to describe a combination of rows and columns of small picture elements? |
Matrix |
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What term is used to describe the volume elements within a matrix? |
Voxel |
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The larger the matrix size, for a given FOV, the __________ the pixel size and the __________ the spatial resolution. |
Smaller Better/greater |
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A digital image is made up of a 2D array of numbers called a __________. |
Matrix |
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What term is used to describe the picture elements within a matrix? |
Pixel |
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What formula is used to determine pixel size? |
FOV ÷ matrix size |