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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Inner layer of cell wall made from? Gram +? Gram -?
|
Peptidoglycan
-gram + (thick) -gram - (thin) |
|
Color of Gram +
|
Purple
|
|
Outer layer of Gram +
|
Teichoic acid
|
|
Outer layer of Gram -
|
LPS (endotoxins)
-lipid bilayer Porins |
|
Characteristics of mycoplasma
|
No cell wall
**only bacterium whose membrane contains cholesterol |
|
Vaccines are made against
|
Cell capsular Ag
|
|
Has endotoxins
|
Gram - bacteria
(LPS) -poorly antigenic -heat stable |
|
Has exotoxins
|
Gram + bacteria
(polypeptides) -toxoids used as vaccine -heat labile |
|
Tetanus toxin
|
block release glycine --> m. spasm
|
|
Botulinum toxin
|
blocks release ACh --> m. paralysis
|
|
Most common cause
Pharyngitis, laryngitis |
Viral > bacterial (beta-hemolytic Strep)
|
|
Most common cause
Tonsillitis |
B-hemolytic Strep
|
|
Most common cause
Sinusitis |
Strep. pneumonia, Staph aureus
|
|
Most common cause
OM |
Strep. pneumonia, H. influenza
|
|
Most common cause
Bronchitis |
H. influenza, Strep. pneumonia
|
|
Most common cause
Pneumonia -infant -young adult -elderly |
-RSV
-Mycoplasma -Strep. pneumonia |
|
Most common cause
Bacterial meningitis -neonate -adult -elderly |
-E.coli, Strep. agalactia, listeria
-N. meningitidis > Strep. pneumonia -Strep. pneumonia > N. meningitis |
|
Most common cause
Aseptic meningitis |
Enterovirus
Arbovirus (spring) |
|
Most common cause
Endocarditis |
Strep. viridans
|
|
Most common cause
Carbuncle |
Staph. aureus
|
|
Most common cause
Sepsis (catheterized pt) |
Staph aureus, Candida
|
|
Most common cause
Sepsis (burns) |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
|
Most common cause
Diarrhea -children -adults (US) -travelers |
-Rotavirus
-Campylobacter -E.coli, shigella, salmonella |
|
Most common cause
Genital ulcer |
Herpes > syphilis
|
|
Most common cause
urethritis |
Chlamydia > gonococcus
|
|
Most common cause
cystitis |
E. coli
|
|
Characteristics of Staphlococi
|
Gram +
Clusters Catalase + |
|
Exotoxins of Staphylococci
|
Enterotoxin A-F --> diarrhea
Toxic shock syndrome toxin --> anaphylaxis Exfoliatin --> scalded skin (hands & feet) Alpha toxin --> tissue necrosis |
|
Differentiate S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus
|
S. aureus - coag (+)
S. epidermidis - coag (-), nono (S) S. saprophyticus - coag (-), novo (R) |
|
Common infections of S. aureus
|
Skin
Osteomyelitis Endocarditis Toxic shock syndrome Food poisoning |
|
Common infections with S. epidermidis
|
Following:
-instrumentation -implants |
|
Common infections w/ S.saprophyticus
|
UTI
|
|
Characteristics of Streptococci
|
Gram (+)
Chains Catalase (-) Like enriched media (blood agar) |
|
Beta-hemolytic streptococci
|
(complete hemolysis - clear)
S.pyogenes (Grp A) other Strep (Grp B-T) |
|
Common infections seen w/ S. pyogenes
|
Pharyngitis
Acute Rheumatic Fever (bacitracin sensitive) |
|
Common infections seen w/ other B-hemo. Strep.
|
Neonatal sepsis
Meningitis (bacitracin resistant) |
|
Alpha-hemolytic streptococci
|
(incomplete hemolysis - green)
S. pneumococci S. viridans |
|
Common infections w/ S. pneumococci
|
"classic" lobar pneumonia
(bile soluble, optochin S) |
|
Common infections w/ S. viridans
|
Endocarditis
(bile insoluble, optochin R) |
|
gamma-hemolytic streptococci
|
(No hemolysis)
Enterococci (Grp D) |
|
Characteristics of Neisseria & types of neisseria
|
Gram (-)
bean-shaped diplococci -N. meningococcus -N. gonococcus |
|
N. meningococcus (characteristics, tx)
|
Capsule
Ferments maltose Tx - Pen G |
|
N. gonococcus
|
Pili
Does not ferment maltose Tx - Ceftriaxone |
|
S/S infection w/ N. gonococcus
|
Male - dysuria, purulent discharge
Female - endocervical infection, salpingitis, infertility |
|
Characteristics bacillus
|
Gram (+)
Spore-forming Aerobic rods |
|
Gram (+) bacilli
|
B. anthracis
Cornebacterium Listeria Clostridium Lactobacillus |
|
B. anthracis
(characteristics & infections) |
Aerobe, toxin, spores
anthrax woolsorter's dz "Fried rice" poisoning |
|
Coryne-bacterium
(characteristics & infections) |
Aerobe, toxins (no spores)
Diphtheria (pseudomembranes, loeffler's telluride, "chinese characters") |
|
Listeria
(characteristics & infections) |
Aerobe (no toxin, no spores)
Sepsis, meningitis (neonates, immunosuppressed, "chinese characters" + motile) |
|
Clostridium
|
Toxins, spores (not aerobe)
Tetanus, botulism Gas gangrene (a-toxin) Food poisoning (reheated meat) Pseudomembranous colitis |
|
Lactobacillus
(characteristics & infections) |
(Not aerobic, no spores, no toxins)
protects GI & vagina prefers acid pH (< 4.5) |
|
Characteristics of Clostridium & types
|
Gram (+)
Anaerobic, spore-forming rods Botulinum Tetani Perfringens |
|
Key features Cl. botulinum & clinical
|
Motile
types A-G (antigenically diff. exotoxin) Spores heat resistant, toxin not N/V/abd cramps (precede neurological) Dry mouth, diplopia, loss of pupillary reflex --> decending paralysis, resp. failure |
|
Key features Cl. tetani & clinical
|
Motile
10 types (flagellar Ag) (all have same exotoxin) Toxin enters peripheral n. Stiff jaw, dysphagia, fever, HA Fixed "smile" Spasm neck, back, abd m. Intact sensorium & CSF |
|
Characteristics of enterobacteriaceae
|
Gram (-) rods
Facultative anaerobe |
|
Types of enterobacter
|
E. coli
Salmonella Shigella Proteus Klebsiella Bacteroides fragilis Vibrio cholera Vibrio parahaemolyticus Campylobacter jejuni Helicobacter pylori |
|
E. coli
(characteristics & infections) |
Motile, Lactose (+)
UTI Neonatal meningitis |
|
Salmonella
(characteristics & infections) |
Motile, Lactose (-)
Food poisoning (poultry, 1-2 d) S.typhi produce gas - Enteric fever (10-14 d) |
|
Shigella
(characteristics & infections) |
Non-motile, lactose (-), no gas
Dysenteriae Flexneri, boydii, sonnei - watery diarrhea followed by fever, bloody stools, cramping |
|
Tx typhoid
|
Chloramphenicol
Ampicillin |
|
Proteus
(characteristics & infections) |
Motile, urease
UTI urease --> ammonium calculi (DOES NOT CAUSE gastroenteritis) |
|
Klebsiella
(characteristics & infections) |
Non-motile, encapsulated
Community acq - "classic" lobar pneumonia, "currant jelly" sputum Hospital acq - UTI, Resp. tract infection, wound infection **Resistant to many ATb |
|
Bacteroides fragilis
(characteristics & infections) |
Anaerobic
Most common gram (-) abd infections Abscesses Tx - Metronidazole |
|
Vibrio cholera
(characteristics & infections) |
Comma-shaped
Rice-water diarrhea (no blood) Tx - tetracycline |
|
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
(characteristics & infections) |
Comma-shaped
Diarrhea from raw seafood Tx - self-limited |
|
Campylobacter jejuni
(characteristics & infections) |
Curved rods
Watery, foul smelling stool --> become bloody Tx - erythromycin, AG |
|
Helicobacter pylori
(characteristics & infections) |
(similar to Campylobacter, urease (+))
Gastritis, Peptic ulcer, MALT lymphoma Tx - Metronidazole + Tetracycline + Bismuth |
|
Zoonotic Gram (-) bacilli
|
Yersinia pestis
Pasteurella Brucella Francisella |
|
Yersinia pestis
(characteristics & infections) |
Bipolar staining
Bubonic plague (rodent --> flea --> human) -Lg, tender LN Pulmonary plague (human --> human) Tx - Streptomycin, tetracycline |
|
Pasteurella
(characteristics & infections) |
Wound infections (dog & cat)
Cellulitis, osteomyelitis Tx - Pen G |
|
Brucella
(characteristics & infections) |
Undulating fever
Tx - tetracycline, gentamycin |
|
Francisella
(characteristics & infections) |
Tularemia (rabbits --> ticks --> humans)
influenza-like Lg, tender LN Tx - Streptomycin |
|
Pseudomonas
(characteristics & infections) |
musty odor, green/blue pus
Wound infectons (burn), Pneumonia, UTI |
|
Hemophilus
(characteristics & infections) |
Sm bacterium
Requires blood (chocolate agar) H. influ - bronchitis, meningitis H. ducreyi - chancroid |
|
Bordetella
(characteristics & infections) |
Pertussis toxin --> whooping cough
Tx - Erythromycin |
|
Legionella
(characteristics & infections) |
G (-) cell wall, stains faintly
Stagnant water Atypical pneumonia No cold agglutinins Tx - Erythromycin |
|
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(characteristics & infections) |
Slow respiratory infection
Primary lesion - Ghon complex (most morbidity d/t reactivation) |
|
M. bovis
(characteristics & infections) |
unpasteurized milk
GI tuberculosis |
|
M. leprae
(characteristics & infections) |
Grows at lower temp
Nasal & skin Tuberculiod leprosy - granulomas, skin test (+) Lepromatous leprosy - nodular skin lesion, skin test (-) |
|
M. avium-intracellulare
(characteristics & infections) |
Indistinguishable from Tb
Immunocompromised pt HIGHLY resistant to tx |
|
M. marinum
(characteristics & infections) |
Tb in fish
"swimming pool granuloma" in humans |
|
Actinomyces
(characteristcs & infection) |
normal flora in mouth
Lump jaw - post-tooth extraction inflam. sinuses --> d/c to surface (sulfur granules) Tx - Pen, I&D |
|
Nocaria
(characteristcs & infection) |
Aerobe, soil
SubQ tissue infection (minor trauma) Pulmonary infection (inhale dust or soil) Tx - Sulfonamides, I&D |
|
T. pallidum
(characteristcs & infection) |
Syphillis
Tx- Pen G |
|
B. burgdorferi
(characteristcs & infection) |
Lyme disease
(tick bite - E coast) Tx - Doxy, Ceftriaxone, Amoxicillin |
|
B. recurrentis
(characteristcs & infection) |
Relapsing fever
(Ag undergo variation --> relapses) (human --> louse/tick --> human) Tx - Tetracycline |
|
L. interrogans
(characteristcs & infection) |
Leptospirosis
-fever, jaundice, hemorrhage, uremia (sewers, water contamin. w/ rat urine) Tx - Pen G |
|
Chlamydia characteristics
|
Intracellular
(cannot make ATP & cannot live outside) Cell wall: No peptidoglycans Tx - Tetracycline |
|
C. pneumonia
(characteristcs & infection) |
"walking pneumonia"
Tx - Tetracycline |
|
C. trachomatis
(characteristcs & infection) |
Urethritis
Lymphogranolma venereum Trachoma Tx - Tetracycline |
|
C. psittaci
(characteristcs & infection) |
Pneumonia (sometimes Hepatitis)
(bird feces) Tx - Tetracycline |
|
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
-cause -vector -reservoir -clinical |
-R. rickettsiae
-ticks -dogs, rodents -fever, HA, red conjunctiva, rash (wrists to trunk) |