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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name the planets in order.
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Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
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Characteristics of Terrestrial Planets.
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-Composed of mostly rock.
-Very few moons -Atmosphere of mainly carbon dioxide and nitrogen -Relatively small. -Closer to Sun -Few moons -Less dense core. |
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Characteristics of Jovian Planets.
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-Farther from Sun.
-Relatively large -Atmosphere of mostly hydrogen and Helium. -Many Moons -Very dense core. -Composition gaseous |
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Color of Mars
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Red-Orange
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Color of Neptune
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Light Blue
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Differences between Pluto and true planets.
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Orbit must clear asteroids, Pluto does not.
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Characteristics of Belts
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-Dark
-Low Pressure -Cold Sinking Air -Lower Altitude |
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Characteristics of Zones
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-Light
-High Pressure -Hot Rising Air -Higher Altitude |
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Location and Composition of Asteroids
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-Rocky structure left over from the formation of terrestial planets
-Inside the orbit of Jupiter |
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Location and Composition of Trans-Neptunian Objects
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-Small icy body left over from the formation of the jovian planets.
-Outside the orbit of neptune |
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Synchronous Rotation
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The rotation of a body with a period equal to its orbital period
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Density
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The mass of an object divided by its volume.
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Aurora
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Light radiated by atoms and ions in Earth’s upper atmosphere, mostly in the polar regions.
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Greenhouse effect
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The trapping of infrared radiation near a planet’s surface by the planet’s atmosphere.
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Ozone Layer
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A layer in Earth’s upper atmosphere where the concentration of ozone is high enough to prevent much ultraviolet light from reaching the surface.
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Meteoroid
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A small object broken off of a comet or asteroid that orbits the sun
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Asteroid
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Small rocky planet-like object that orbits the sun
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Comet Nucleus
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Small object comprised of ice and dirt that has gas tails when close to the sun and indistinguishable from asteroids when far from the sun.
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Dwarf Planet
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A planet that doesn't meet the criteria of planet. They are larger than asteroids but smaller than planets.
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True planet
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-is in orbit around the Sun
-has sufficient mass to have a nearly round shape - must have"cleared the neighbourhood" around its orbit. |
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List the Terrestrial planets
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Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars
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List the Jovian planets
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Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
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Revolve
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-Revolve usually means "orbit around another body".
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Rotate
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-Rotate usually means "to spin on its axis".
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Planets without moons
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Mercury and Venus
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Planets with Moons
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Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
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Scarps
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A line of cliffs produced by faulting or erosion.
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Lunar Maria
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Large, dark, basaltic plains on Earth's Moon, formed by ancient volcanic eruptions. Lower. few craters
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Lunar Highlands
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high plains on the moon brighter color heavily cratered
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Lunar age
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4.527 billion years
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Similarities of mercury and the moon.
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-They both have appearances dominated by crater impacts.
-Neither one has a significant atmosphere. -Both of them cool quickly when they are turned away from the sun (at local nighttime). -They are of similar sizes. |
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Differences of mercury and the moon.
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-Mercury shows evidence of tectonic activity (the scarps), which the Moon does not.
-Mercury is also much, much hotter than the Moon on average. -Mercury's surface gravity and rotation period are roughly twice those of the Moon. -Mercury contains a high metal composition, making it much more dense than the Moon. -The remains of lava flows on Mercury look different from similar flows on the Moon (which are known as maria). |
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Similarities of venus and the mars.
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-both have a core which made of metal and they belong to the inferior planets of our solar system.
-They are also rocky planet like our earth. -Both atmospheres are about 95 percent carbon dioxide. |
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Differences of venus and the mars.
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-VENUS IS VERY HOT AND MARS IS COLD
-VENUS IS LARGE LIKE EARTH AND MARS IS SMALL -VENUS IS CLOSER TO THE SUN |
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Meteoroid
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A small rock or particle of debris in our solar system. They range in size from dust to around 10 meters in diameter (larger objects are usually referred to as asteroids).
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Meteorite
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A meteoroid that survives falling through the Earth’s atmosphere and colliding with the Earth’s surface.
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Meteor
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A meteoroid that burns up as it passes through the Earth’s atmosphere.
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Tectonic Motion
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The motions of large segments (plates) of Earth’s surface over the underlying mantle.
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Inner/Outer core
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a liquid outer core that is much less viscous than the mantle, and a solid inner core.
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Mantle
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That portion of a terrestrial planet located between its crust and core.
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Crust
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The surface layer of a terrestrial planet.
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Sea-floor spreading
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The separation of plates under the ocean due to lava emerging in an oceanic rift.
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Subduction
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When colliding tectonic plates cause Earth’s crust to be pulled down into the mantle.
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Chemical Differentiation
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The process by which the heavier elements in a planet sink toward its center while lighter elements rise toward its surface
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Hot spot volcano
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volcanic regions thought to be fed by underlying mantle that is anomalously hot compared with the mantle elsewhere. They may be unanimously hot, and provide a great deal of molten magma
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Earthquake
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A sudden vibratory motion of Earth’s surface.
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Tectonic Plates
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A large section of Earth’s lithosphere that moves as a single unit.
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Converge
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To come together from different directions
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Diverge
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To go or extend in different directions from a common point.
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Extrasolar planet
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A planet orbiting a star other than the Sun.
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Radial Velocity Method
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A technique used to detect extrasolar planets by observing Doppler shifts in the spectrum of the planet’s star.
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Transit Method
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A technique used to detect extrasolar planets by measuring the transit of a planet over the face of the planets star.
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Astrometric Method
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A technique used to detect extrasolar planets by precisely measuring a star's position in the sky and observing how that position changes over time.
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heavier elements
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Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide, iron, oxygen, silicon, magnesium, nickel, and sulfur.
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Lighter Elements
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hydrogen and helium.
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Nitrogen
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N₂
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Oxygen
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O₂
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Carbon Dioxide
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CO₂
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Composition of Venus's Atmosphere
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It has a thick atmosphere made of 96% carbon dioxide (CO₂), 3.5% nitrogen (N₂), and 0.5% other gases. It's ever-present clouds are made of sulfuric acid droplets.
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Composition of Mars Atmosphere
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It has a thin atmosphere (just 1/100th of the Earth's) that does not trap much heat at all even though it is 95% carbon dioxide (CO₂). The other 3% is nitrogen (N₂).
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Composition of Earth's Atmosphere
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It has a moderately-thick atmosphere that is 78% nitrogen (N₂) and 21% oxygen (O₂).
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