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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Field of View
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the region you can see in an image.
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Scientific Notation
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380,000 = 3.8*10^5
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Solar System
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a star, its family of planets, and other smaller bodies.
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Planets
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small, spherical, nonluminous bodies that orbit a star, and shine by reflected light.
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Star
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a self-luminous ball of hot gas that generates its own energy
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Astronomical Unit (AU)
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unit of distance - The average distance from Earth to the sun. 1.5*10^8
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Light-Year
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the distance that light travels in the span of one year. 10^13KM or 63,000 AU
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Galaxy
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a great cloud of stars, gas, and dust held together by the combined gravity of all of its matter
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Milky Way Galaxy
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the name for our galaxy
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Spiral Arms
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the bands on the outer regions of galaxies, where stars are formed
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Constellations
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groups of stars
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Asterisms
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less formally defined groupings of stars
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Magnitude Scale
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a system for measuring the brightness of a star
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Apparent Visual Magnitude
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mV - unit of measurement for magnitude scale
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Flux
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a measure of light energy from a star that hits one square meter in one second
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Scientific Model
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a visual aid used to illustrate a phenomena or theory
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Precession
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the angle of the earth changes over time, like a top
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Celestial Sphere
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the region of space you can see from any point on earth
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Horizon
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line that marks the farthest point you can see on the earth in all directions
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Zenith
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top of the sky, directly above the viewer's head
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Nadir
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bottom of the sky, directly under the viewer's feet
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North and South Celestial Poles
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Earth's pivot points, directly above and below the North and South poles
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Celestial Equator
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directly between the celestial poles
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Angular Distance
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a measure of angle, by degrees
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Arc Minute
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1/60th of a degree
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Arc Second
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1/60th of a minute of arc
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Angular Diameter
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the angular distance from one edge of an object to another
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Circumpolar Constellations
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constellations that never rise or set in the sky
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Rotation
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the turning of a body on its own axis
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Revolution
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the motion of a body around a point outside of that body
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Ecliptic
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the apparent path of the sun against the background of stars
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Vernal Equinox / Summer Solstice
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Spring / Summer - when the sun crosses its farthest northern point in the sky
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Autumnal Equinox / Winter Solstice
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Fall / Winter - when the sun crosses its farthest southern point in the sky
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Evening Star
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any planet visible in the evening sky
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Morning Star
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any planet visible in the morning sky
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Zodiac
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band around the sky extending 9 degrees above and below the ecliptic
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Horoscope
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a diagram showing the location of the sun, moon, and planets around the ecliptic and their position above or below the horizon for a given date and time
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Milankovitch Hypothesis
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small changes in the Earth's orbit, precession, and inclination affect the Earth's climate
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Scientific Argument
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a careful presentation of theory and evidence in a logical discussion
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Lunar Eclipse
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when a full moon crosses through the Earth's shadow
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Umbra
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the region of a lunar eclipse of total shadow
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Penumbra
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the region of a lunar eclipse of partial shadow
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Solar Eclipse
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when the moon moves between the Earth and the sun
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Umbra
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the region of a lunar eclipse of total shadow
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Penumbra
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the region of a lunar eclipse of partial shadow
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Solar Eclipse
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when the moon moves between the Earth and the sun
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