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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Extrinsic back muscles
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Involved with movements of the upper limbs and thoracic wall. In general are innervated by anterior rami of spinal nerves. Includes superficial and intermediate group.
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Superficial Group of extrinsic muscles
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Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi levator scapulae rhomboid major and minor |
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Intermediate group of extrinsic muscles
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Superior posterior inferior/superior
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Intrinsic back muscle
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Are the deep back muscles that are innervated by the posterior rami of spinal nerves and they support and move the vertebral column and participate in moving the head.
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Deep back muscles
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Suboccipital
Splenius Erector Spinae -iliocostalis -longissimus -spinalis |
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Trapezius
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O: Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae
I: Lateral, 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula I: Motor - accessory nerve [XI] B: branch of transverse cervical artery A: Assists in rotating the scapula during abduction of humerus above horizontal; upper fibers elevate, middle fibers adduct, and lower fibers depress scapula |
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Latissimus Dorsi
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O: Spinous process of T7 to L5 and sacrum, iliac crest and ribs 5 to 7.
I: Floor intertubercular sulcus of humerus I: Thoracodorsal nerve A: Extends, adducts and medially rotates humerus B: Thoracodorsal artery |
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Levator Scapulae
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O: Transverse process of C1 to C4
I: Upper portion medial border of scapula I: Dorsal scapular nerve A: Elevates Scapula B: Transverse cervical artery |
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Rhomboid Major and Minor
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O: Spinous Processes T2-T5/ Spinous Process C7-T1
I: Medial border of scapula at the spine I: Dorsal scapular nerve (C4/C5) A: Retracts (adducts) and elevates the scapula B: Dosral Scapular Artery |
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Serratus Posterior Superior
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O: Spinous process of C7-T3 and supraspinous ligaments
I: Upper border of ribs 2-5 I: Anterior Rami of upper thoracic nerves A: Elevates ribs B: Perforating branches of intercostal arteries |
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Serratus Posterior Inferior
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O: Spinous processes T6-L3
I: Lower border of ribs 9-12 I: Anterior rami of lower thoracic nerves A: Depresses ribs B: Perforating branches of lumbar arteries |
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Splenius Capitis
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O: Lower half of ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes C7-T4
I: Mastoid process of skull I: Posterior (dorsal) rami, middle cervicle nerves A: Together -Draw head backward, extending neck Individually - rotate head side to side B: Branches of occipital artery |
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Splenius Cervices
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O: Spinous processes of T3-T6
I: Transverse Process of C1-C3 I: Dorsal rami lower cervical nerves A: together extend neck, individually draw and rotate head (to face same side) B: branches of occopital artery |
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Erector Spinae Muscles
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Largest group of intrinsic back muscle. Covered by thoracolumbar fascia and the serratus posterior inferior, rhomboid and splenius muscles. They are the primary extensors of the vertebral column. Are all innervated by dorsal rami of spinal nerves.
1) illiocostalis (lumborum/thoracis/cervices) 2) longissimus (thoracis/ cervices/ capitis) 3) Spinalis (thoracis/ cervices/ catpitis) |
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Transversopinalis Muscles
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Run obliquely and upward and medially from transverse processes to spinous process. Contain three major subgroups - semispinalis, multifidus and rotatores muscles.
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Semispinalis (Capitis/thoracis/capitus)
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Capitis:
I: Dorsal Rami A: extends the head Thoracis: I: Dorsal Rami A: Extends the cervical vertebral column |
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Multifidus
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Span length of vertebral column, passing from a lateral point of origin and medially attaching to spinous processes. Best developed in lumbar region.
All innervated by dorsal rami. |
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Rotatores
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Beneath multifidus. Present throughout vertebral column, best developed in thoracic region. Innervate by dorsal rami.
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What are the rotator cuff muscles?
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SITS - infraspinatous, supraspinatous, teres minor and subscapularis
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How is the humerus abducted?
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0-15 degree - supraspinatous
15-90 degree - deltoid Above horizontal - trapezius and serratus anterior. |
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Supraspinatous
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Origin - supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion -superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus Artery - suprascapular artery Nerve -suprascapular nerve Actions - initiation of abduction of the arm (raising arm) |
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Infraspinatous
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Origin - lateral border of the scapula
Insertion - Inferior facet of greater tubercle of the humerus Artery - posterior circumflex humeral artery and the circumflex scapular artery Nerve - axillary nerve Actions - laterally rotates the arm, adducts the forearm, stabilizes humerus |
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Subscapularis
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Origin -subscapular fossa
Insertion - lesser tubercle of humerus Artery - Transverse cervical artery, subscapular artery Nerve - upper subscapular nerve, lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6) Actions - internally (medially) rotates humerus; stabilizes shoulder |
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Teres Minor
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Origin lateral border of the scapula
Insertion inferior facet of greater tubercle of the humerus Artery posterior circumflex humeral artery and the circumflex scapular artery Nerve axillary nerve Actions laterally rotates the arm, adducts the forearm, stabilizes humerus |
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Teres Major
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Origin -posterior aspect of the inferior angle of the scapula
Insertion - medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus Artery - Subscapular and circumflex scapular arteries Nerve - Lower subscapular nerve (segmental levels C6 and C7) Actions - Internal rotation (medial rotation) of the humerus |
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Deltoid
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Origin the anterior border and upper surface of the lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, spine of the scapula
Insertion deltoid tuberosity of humerus Artery primarily posterior circumflex humeral artery Nerve Axillary nerve Actions shoulder abduction ( 15 -90), flexion and extension |
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Serratus Anterior
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Origin fleshy slips from the outer surface of upper 8 or 9 ribs
Insertion costal aspect of medial margin of the scapula Artery lateral thoracic artery (upper part), thoracodorsal artery (lower part) Nerve long thoracic nerve (from roots of brachial plexus C5, 6, 7) Actions - protracts and stabilizes scapula, assists in upward rotation. abduct humerus (above 90) |