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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List the vertebrae of the vertebral column
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7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 3 coccygeal
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Describe C1
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Called the atlas. No body, no spinous process, paired lateral masses.
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Describe C2
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Called the axis. Dens projects superior to body
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Which ligaments hold the axis and the atlas in place?
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The alar and cruciate ligaments
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Which joints facilitate movement of the atlas and axis?
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The atalto-occipital and atlanto-axial joints
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What are the landmarks of thoracic vertebrae?
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Costal facets and the inferior angulation of the spinous process
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What are the landmarks of lumbar vertebrae?
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Massive bodies and short spinous processes
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What are the landmarks of sacral vertebrae?
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5 fused vertebrae
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What are the landmarks of coccygeal vertebrae?
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Small, triangular bone with 4 fused vertebrae
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Describe the intervertebral foramina
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A hole where the spinal nerve laterally exits the vertebral canal. It is formed between each vertebral arch and the synovial plane joint.
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Describe the intervertebral joints
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Located in between vertebral bodies. Symphysis joint with intervertebral discs made of annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulosus.
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Describe zygapophyseal joints
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Facet joints located between the articular processes. Type of synovial joint and determines the type of movement possible between the vertebrae.
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Name and describe the 2 ligaments in the vertebral column.
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Posterior longitudinal ligament: located in the foramina between the body of the vertebra and the spinous processes.
Anterior longitudinal ligament: located against the body anteriorly |
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Describe the curvature of the spinal column
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The cervical and lumbar vertebrae concave posteriorly. The thoracic and sacral convex posteriorly.
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Name the muscles in the intermediate layer of the back
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Serratus posterior superior and the serratus posterior inferior.
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Describe the splenius muscle
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Capitis
Origin:ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes or C7, T1-3 Insertion: temporal bone, occipital bone Innervation: dorsal rami Action: extension of head and neck (bilaterally), lateral flexion of head and neck, rotation of head and neck to same side (unilaterally) Cervicis Origin: T3-6 vertebrae Insertion: transverse processes of C1, C2, C3 |
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Describe the spinalis muscle
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Deep muscle of the back, erector spinae group
Origin:thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest of ilium, posterior sacrum, sacral ligaments, spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae Insertion: spinous processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae, occipital bone Innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves Action: laterally flex vertebral column |
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Describe the longisimus muscle
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Erector spinae muscle group.
Origin: thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest of ilium, posterior sacrum, sacral ligaments, spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae Insertion: ribs 3-12, transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae, mastoid process of temporal bone Innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves Action: laterally flex vertebral column |
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Describe the Illiocostalis muscle
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Erector spinae muscle group.
Origin: thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest of ilium, posterior sacrum, sacral ligaments, spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae Insertion: lower ribs, transverse processes of cervical vertebrae Innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves Action: laterally flex vertebral column |
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Describe the semisplinalis capitus muscle
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Origin: transverse processes of C4-T10 vertebrae
Insertion: superomedially to occipital bone and spinous processes in upper and thoracic and cervical regions Innervation: posterior rami of spinal nerves Action: extends head and thoracic and cervical regions of vertebral column and rotates them contralaterally |
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Which nerves are associated with the lumbar plexus? Sacral plexus?
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Lumbar: femoral and obturator nerves
Sacral: nerves to gluteal region and sciatic nerve |
