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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anything that has mass and volume
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matter
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is uniform in its composition and chemical properties and cannot be easily separated
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pure substance
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pure substances that contain only one type of atom and cannot be separated into simpler components
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elements
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two or more substances blended together
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mixture
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smallest and simplest particle of an element
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atom
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pure substances consisting of atoms combined in specific ratios that can be split into simpler substances by chemical reactions
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chemical compounds
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is the smallest particle of a compound that still retains the properties of that compound
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molecule
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positively charged subatomic particle that have mass
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proton
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electrically neutral subatomic particle that has mass
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neutron
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electrically negative sub atomic particle that is so small it essentially has no mass
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electron
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protons and neutrons are contained in this central part of the atom
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nucleus
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is the study of the chemistry of compounds that contain carbon and related compounds
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organic chemistry
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abbreviations or symbols that show how many atoms of each element are present
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chemical formulas
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average weight of an element's atoms
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atomic weight (AW)
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average mass of a substance's molecules
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molecular weight (MW)
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unit of measurement for the combined atomic and molecular weights
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atomic mass unit
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chart that organizes the symbols, chemical properties, and full names of all elements
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periodic table
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number of protons and atom contains
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atomic number (Z)
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sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
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mass number (A)
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atoms of the same element that have different number of neutrons and thus having a different mass number
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isotopes
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electrically charged atoms
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ion
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positively charged ion
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cation
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negatively charged ion
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anion
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compounds that dissolve in water and separate into their original ionic form
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water soluble
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salts that break up into ions
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electrolytes
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concentration of electrolytes in a certain volume of solution
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milliequivalent (mEq)
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these are formed because of the natural attraction between positively charged cations and negatively charged anions and are the forces that hold ions together
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ionic bonds
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associations between electronegative atoms and a hydrogen atom attached to another electronegative atom
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hydrogen bonds
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a molecule in which each end had an equal but opposite charge
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dipole
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a change brought about by the interactions of one or more chemicals
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chemical reaction
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the precursor or starting substance of a chemical reaction
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reactants
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end result of a chemical reaction
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product
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a chemical reaction that requires energy and absorbs heat
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endothermic
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a chemical reaction that releases heat
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exothermic
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the measurement of the heat of a reaction
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enthalpy
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protein catalysts designed to speed up the rate of specific biochemical reactions
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enzymes
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substances that increase the reactions speed but are unchanged themselves at the end of the reaction
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catalysts
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a state of balance in a chemical reaction
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chemical equilibrium
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easily dissolved in water, means "water loving"
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hydrophilic
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not easily dissolved in water, means "water fearing"
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hydrophobic
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a substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a water solution
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acid
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a substance that decreases the concentration of hydrogen ions
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base
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blood that is too acidic
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acidotic
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blood that is too basic
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alkalotic
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any substance that can reversibly bind hydrogen (H+)
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buffer
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fact-acting defenses for acid-base changes, providing almost immediate protection against changes in the hydrogen ion concentration of extracellular fluid
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buffer systems
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a unit of base measure of atoms in which one mole of substance has a mass that is equal to the molecular weight of the substance
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mole
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the chemical term for strength of solutions, which is expressed in terms of the numbers of moles of solid dissolved in solvent to yield a given volume of solution
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molarity (M)
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