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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
When the ocean water evaporates, it leaves the _____/______ behind. |
salt/salinity |
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About ___ million years ago, there were no oceans and volcanoes spread lava, ash and _____ all over the planet. It was much _____ than it is today. Then the Earth became cool enough for it to ____. So it did. A lot. |
500 gasses hotter rain |
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What are the 5 major divisions of the global ocean. |
1. Pacific 2. Atlantic 3. Indian 4. Arctic 5. Southern |
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When local evaporation increases, the salinity of the ocean in that area _____. |
increases |
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Surface currents are moved primarily by ____that blow in certain patterns because of the Earth's spin and the _____ ______. Winds are able to move the top ___ meters of the ocean creating surface ocean currents.
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winds Coriolis Effect 200 |
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Deep currents are very ___-____ and occur far below the surface of the ocean. Below ____ meter deep. Deep ocean currents are driven by ______ and _______ gradients. |
slow-moving 200 density and temperature |
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Thermocline circulation, also known as ____ _______ ______ _____, refers to the deep ocean ______-driven ocean basin currents.
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the ocean's conveyor belt
density |
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Surface zone currents are ____-moving currents which occur at the surface of the ocean. Up to ____ meters deep. |
fast 200 |
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The deep zone is the bottom layer of water from >___ meters to the ocean floor. Average temperature is _ degrees C. |
200 2 |
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Plankton are the ____ common things in the ocean. __________ are plant-like plankton, and ________ are animal like plankton. |
most phytoplankton zooplankton |
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_____ are living things that swim through the water. Most are fish, but some are ______. |
Nekton mammals |
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______ are living things on the ocean floor. They like to attach themselves to _____ and stay in one place. Other _____ on the ground. |
Benthos rocks crawl |
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Deep currents form because of differences in ______ which is the ration of ____ to _____. |
density mass volume |
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3 factors control the movement of surface currents: 1) ________ ______ cause the surface water to blow in the direction the wind is blowing. |
Global winds |
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3 factors control the movement of surface currents:
2) The Corialis effect causes currents to turn _______ in the Northern Hemisphere and _________ in the Southern Hemisphere. |
clockwise counter-clockwise |
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3 factors control the movement of surface currents:
3) __________ ________ occur when surface currents meet a continent and they are deflected or forced to change directions. |
Continental deflections
|
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_______ are volcanic mountains formed in the ocean |
Seamounts |
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The ________ ______ is the gentle sloping region from the shoreline toward the open ocean. It reaches depths of ____ meters. |
Continental shelf
200 |
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The _______ _____ is at the base of the continental slope. It is made of large piles of ______ that slide down the continental slope. |
continental rise sediment |
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The _______ ______ is the steep slope that begins at the edge of the ________ ______ and continues to the ocean floor. |
continental slope
continental shelf |
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________ _______ are very deep cracks in the ocean floor caused by an _______ ______ going under another plate. |
Ocean trenches oceanic plate |
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A ______ ______ is a valley between ridges where magma rises up. |
rift valley |
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____-____ ______ are mountain chains formed by two _____ _____ separating. |
Mid-ocean ridges tectonic plates |
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______ ______ are broad flat portions of the deep ocean basin. |
Abyssal plains |
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The abyssal ____ is in the abyssal plain. Few ______ live there. |
zone
animals |
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The _____ _____ is at the floor of the ocean trench. |
Hadal zone |
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____ ____ is the difference between low tide and high tide. |
Tide range |
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The sea floor spreads from magma rising up in the ____ ______. When the magma hardens, it creates ____ _____ _____. |
sea mounts mid-ocean ridges |
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Phytoplankton make food by ___________. They live in the ______ zone. Most are _____. |
photosynthesis photic algae |
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Zooplankton feed on __________. They include tiny animals and ____ _____. |
phytoplankton fish larvae |
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Some ________ live near vents on the deep ocean floor. |
benthos |
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__________ are at the bottom of the food chain. |
Phytoplankton |
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The bacteria that make food form chemicals are also _______ _______. |
primary producers |
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When marine organisms die, ______ break them down. |
decomposers |
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Decomposers live where? Why? |
-On the ocean floor -So that when marine organisms die, they sink to the bottom. |