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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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behavior
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What is the portion of an organisms interactions within its environment that is characterized by detectable displacement in space thru time
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Response
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Specific instance of behavior
examples: eye blink, instance of hand flapping |
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Response Class
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a group of responses with same function
open bag with hands vs scissors |
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Stimulus
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An energy change that affects an organsim through its receptor cells- any condition, event or change in the physical world.
ex. sun in eyes, music, |
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stimulus class
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a group of antecedent stimuli that have a common effect on an operant class. group members tend to evoke or abate the same behavior or response class yet may vary across physical dimensions
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Reinforcement
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occurs when a behavior is followed by the presentation of a stimulus that increases the future probability of the behavior
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Negative Reinforcement
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In the negative reinforcement procedure, the change agent intentionally removes, reduces, subtracts, or postpones an aversive stimuli as a consequence of a response, for the purpose of strengthening that response
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Extinction
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withholding all reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior produces a decrease in response frequency level in a behavior
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Positive Punishment
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An event in which a stimulus (typically unpleasant) occurs contingent on a response, resulting in a decrease in the future probability of that response
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Negative Punishment
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the removal or reduction of positive reinforcers as a consequence of a response, resulting in the reduction in the rate of that response.
ex time out |
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Unconditioned reinforcers
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are stimuli that function as reinforcemnet without requiring a learning history
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Conditioned reinforcers
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are previously neutral stimuli that function as reinforcers as a result of prior pairing with one or more other reinforcers
ex. bell --> salivate |
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Unconditioned punisher
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a stimulus change that decreases the future frequency of any behavior that precedes it without prior learning of training or any other form of punishment
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Conditioned punisher
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stimulus events or conditions that are presented or occur with learning to decrease future frequency of behavior
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Stimulus Control
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a reliable relationship between an antecedent stimulus and a response, in the sense that a given SD dependently evokes or abates a particular behavior
SD SIGNALS AVAILABILITY stimulus evokes behavior strengthens pos neg reinforce Sdelta extinction SP stimulus evokes behavior weakens |
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Motivational Operant
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signals VALUE Mos are antecedents that a) alter the value or strength of consequences and that may b) alter the behavior as a result
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motivating operations
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MO effect on behavior either increase in behavior or decrease in behavior
food deprivation- makes presence of food reinforcing food satiation |
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Mo effect behavior , what are the two ways:
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1) establishing evocative- increase behavior
2) abolishing abative - decreases in behavior |
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extinction
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Pick the right procedure that when
reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior is discontinued, usually by withholding all sources of reinforcement contingent on the occurrence of the behavior |
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Respondent conditioning
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A stimulus- stimulus pairing procedure in which a netural stimulus (NS) is presented with an unconditioned stimulus (US) until the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that conditions a response
NS + US---------------> UR click+ air puff-----> eye blink many trails= US( air puff) ---> UR ( eye blink) |
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Name 6 typs of Verbal Operants
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Mand
Tack Intra-verbal Echoic textual transcription |
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Verbal Behavior
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behavior SR+ by the mediation of other persons. Included are spoken and non spoken formsof communication that hep people get what they want and avoid what they dont want faster, and more efficiently
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Mand
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like "commands"- requesting anitem such as " I want a chip"
hungry girl says " strawberry" mom gives strawberries bland food----- " Pass the Salt" Needs to go to work, missing keys---- " where are my keys |
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Echoics
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repeating a word or phrase you heard verbatim
*point -to-point correspondence, same stimulus modality |
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tact
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An elementary verbal operant evoked by a nonverbal discriminative stimulus and followed by generalized conditioned reinforcement ( ex I see a car--- say car)
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Intra-verbals
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A verbal response to a verbal stimulus with which there is no point to point correspondence. Verbal stimulation evokes verbal response (conversation) E.g you say big when someone says little or you say stop when someone says go, fill ins
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rule governed or verbally-controlled behavior
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behavior under the control of as rules and instructions, rather than behavior shaped by reinforcing or aversive consequences.
ex. speed limit 65 (never got ticket) or 80 and never got ticket so keep doing that |
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Contingency shaped behavior
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Behavior learned by experiencing consequences directly. Behavior shown to be more susceptible to generally prevailing contingencies than to verbal stimuli such as instructions or rules
ex. speed limit 65 go 80 get ticket only go 65 |
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generalization
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behavioral processes and behavioral change outcomes- across subjects, probes (response), or settings
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discrimination
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two stimuli showing some difference are responded to differently
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imitation
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behavior controlled by any physical movement that serves as a novel model excluding vocal-verbal behavior
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contingency
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dependent and/or temporal relations between operant behavior and its controlling variables
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three term contingencies
operant conditioning |
A-B-C
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functional relation
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consistently consequence changes response
verbal statement summarizing results of an experiment, changes in DV can be produced by manipulating IV and unlikely to be a result of confounding variables |
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topographical response class
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share common form
ex. punch and hit (hurt someone) finger tap and hand tap (make sound) talk and scream (mouth move) |
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functional response class
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behavior serve same function
ex. hit or kick TO ESCAPE |
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establishing operation
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(evoked) alters effectiveness of reinforcer (increases value)
ex. food depravation = want food as reinforcer |
