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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Law of Effect |
Behavior is a function of its consequences In any given situation, the probability of a behavior occurring is a function of the consequences that behavior had in that situation in the past. |
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Punisher |
An event that, when made contingent on a behavior, decreases the frequency of that behavior.
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Punishment |
The procedure of providing consequences that when made contingent on a behavior, decreased the frequency of that behavior |
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Types of Punishment |
Reprimanding Response Cost Time-Out Overcorrection Physical Punishment |
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Reprimanding |
To reduce the frequency of a target behavior by making disapproval contingent on the target behavior (expressions, loud voice, corrective feedback, sarcasm) |
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Response Cost |
To reduce the frequency of a target behavior by making removal of a reinforcer contingent on the target behavior (Parking tickets, loss of privileges, loss of a token, giving up something reinforcing) |
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Time-Out |
To reduce the frequency of a target behavior by making removal of a person from a reinforcing situation contingent on the target behavior |
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Extinction vs Time-Out |
Extinction keeps the person in the same situation and only removes reinforcers for the target behavior. Time-out removes the individual from the situation and removes all reinforcers. |
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Physical Punishment |
Reduction of a target behavior by making brief and noninjurious contact with the skin contingent on the target behavior |
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Rules for Punishment |
Define the target behavior Select Appropriate Punishers Make Punishment Immediate and Certain Use extinction and differential reinforcement Monitor Results |
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Problems w/ punishment |
inappropriate use, moral objections, negative side effects |
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Inappropriate use |
Using stronger forms of punishment than are necessary, punishing long after the behavior has occurred, Reinforcing the behavior you are supposed to be punishing |
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Moral Objections |
Some people object to any use of aversive consequences Some people object to using punishment for children and the mentally ill Behaviorists only use punishment if the alternative to punishment is worse than the punishment itself. |
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Negative Side Effects |
Undesirable emotional reactions (fear/anger, escape/avoidance, aggression), abuse, imitation |
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Matilda the Food Thief |
They made her sit by herself and removed her from the cafeteria every time she stole food |
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Ruminating Baby |
Given lemon juice when it ruminates, rumination is dangerous. |
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Exiled Behavior |
In order to discourage disruptive behavior in residential treatment centers, time-out is used. |
