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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The simplest arene |
Benzene |
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How many degrees of unsaturation does benzene have |
4 degrees of unsaturation (1 ring and 3 double bonds) |
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Why is benzene highly reactive |
It's high degree of unsaturation |
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Benzene only undergoes substitution reaction. It does NOT undergo addition reaction like the other alkenes. Why? |
Because of it's high degree of unsaturation. |
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Addition reaction of benzene with bromine |
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Substitution reaction of benzene with halogens |
Benzene does not undergo addition reaction with halogens but will only react with them in the presence of a Lewis acid(electron pair donor) e.g FeBr3, AlCl3 or FeCL3 in a substitution reaction. |
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Resonance structure of benzene |
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How many pie bonds and electrons does benzene have |
3 π bonds and 6 π electrons |
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Why is benzene called a conjugated compound |
Because of the alternation between single and double bonds |
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Ethyl benzene |
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Tert-butyl benzene |
2-methyl propyl benzene |
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Chloro benzene |
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Toluene |
Methyl benzene |
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Phenol |
Hydroxylbenzene |
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Aniline |
Amino benzene |
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Anisol |
Methoxybenzene |
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Benzonitrile |
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Benzoic acid |
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Benzaldehyde |
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Acetophone |
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Mesitylene |
1,3,5-methyl benzene |
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TNT |
2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. An explosive. |
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What is used to show the relative positions of two substituents on a benzene ring |
Ortho, meta and para nomenclature |
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Orthodibromobenzene |
1,2-dibromobenzene; o-dibromobenzene |
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Phenyl group (Ph-) |
C6H5; a benzene that has lost one hydrogen atom |
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Benzyl group |
C6H5CH2; a benzene with an extra CH2- attached. |
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Types of compounds based on aromaticity |
Aromatic, antiaromatic and non aromatic compounds |
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Criteria for aromaticity |
1) the molecule must be cyclic (i.e a closed ring) 2) the molecule must be planar 3) the molecule must be completely conjugated ( i.e alternation of single and double bond) 4) the molecule must satisfy Huckel's rule |
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When is a compound most likely to lose planarity |
When it has more than 7sides |
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When is a compound said to be planar |
All adjacent p orbitals must be aligned (overlap) so that the π electron density can be delocalized |
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Huckel's rule for aromatic compounds |
It must contain 4n + 2 π electrons. |
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What is an antiaromatic compound based on Huckel's rule |
An antiaromatic compound is a cyclic, planar, and completely conjugated compound that contains 4n π electrons |
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Difference in stability of aromatic and anti aromatic compounds |
Aromatic compounds are more stable than anti aromatic compounds |
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What is Huckel's rule concerned with |
It deals with the number of π electrons not the number of atoms in a particular ring. |
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Illustration of Huckel's rule |
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How is benzene an aromatic compound based on Huckel's rule |
It has 6 π electrons. From the table, this falls under the aromatic table |
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What kind of compound is cyclobutadiene |
It is an anti aromatic compound because it has 4 π electrons that fall into the antiaromatic table |
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Priority functional group when naming aromatic compounds |
1) carboxylicacid (-COOH) 2) ester (-COO-) 3) acid chloride (CoCl) |