Bi

architectures, tools, databases, analytical tools, application ad methodologies

different things to different people

the transformation of Data – Info – Decisions – Actions

artificial intelligence capabilities and powerful analytical capabilities

(source of data),

dashboard

( collection of tools for manipulating, mining, and analyzing the data in the data warehouse)

(for monitoring and analyzing performance

data (current and historical data of potential interest) that typically comes from a source transactional system produced to support decision making

Data Sources- OLTP, ERP,independent “legacy” systems (US Census), Web

Data Extraction and Transformation – using custom written or commercial software called ETL

Data Loading- data loadedto staging area- transformed, cleansed – made ready for DW

Comprehensive Database- EDW to support all decision analysis by providing relevant summarized and detailed information originating from many different sources

Metadata: assessed by IT –easy to index and search, esp with Web Tools

Middleware Tools- enable access to data warehouse (write SQL queries, interact with data stored in data repositories)

online analytical processing

Subject Oriented (organizedby detailed subject)

Integrated, (name conflicts/unites of measure),

TimeVariant (time series – multiple time points and they detect trends, deviations,and long-term relationships)

Nonvolatile (after uploaded no changes to data,changes= new data),

Web Based,

Relational/multidimensional,

Client/Server(structure),

Real Time, and include Metadata

o Data Access: ability toaccess/extract data

o Data Federation:integration of business views across multiple data storeso

Change Capture: based onidentification, capture, and delivery of changes made to enterprise datasources.

handle a company’s routineongoing business. In contrast a data warehouse is typically a distinct systemthat provides storage for data that will be made use of in an analysis.

DW analysis is to givemanagement the ability to scour for information

o To provide tactical andoperational support – used for online analytical processing systems

o OLTP is transactionprocessing such as ATM withdrawals and cash register scans – constantlyinvolved in handling updates to operational databases.

o OLTP is primarilyresponsible for capturing and storing data related to day-to-day businessfunctions

refers to knowingwhat is happening in the organization and understanding some underlying trendsand causes of such occurrences

From this datainfrastructure we can develop appropriate reports, queries, alerts and trendsusing various reporting tools and techniques

to recognize whatis going , forecast and make decisions to achieve forthe best performance possible.

The goal is to provide a decision specific action also termed as decision /Normative Analysis

data that cannot bestored in a single storage unit.

Refers to data that is coming in manydifferent forms: structured, unstructured, in a stream, etc.

is information that can beacted upon, with the further implication that actions should be take

Volume, Variety, andVelocity

starts by identifyingand prioritizing specific BI projects

how modern companiesethically and legally organize themselves to glean as much as they can fromtheir customers, business environment, their stakeholders, and other sources ofpotentially valuable information

Each project must be examinedthrough costing associated with the general process phases as well as costs ofmaintaining the application for the business user- as well as the end-user.

: data organized bydetailed subject, such as sales, products or customers, containing onlyinformation relevant for decision support. Enables users to determine only howtheir business is performing, but why.

Most operationaldatabases are product oriented and are tuned to handle transactions that updatethe data base. In an ODS - Short-term decisions, only stores very recentinformation.

Data entered into a DWwhere users cannot change or update the data. Obsolete data are discarded, andchanges are recorded as new data

Current data, almostupdated real time, liable to change and rapidly

is a subset of a datawarehouse, consisting of a single subject area. Can be dependent or independent

is a subset that is createddirectly from the data warehouse. Has advantages of using a consistent datamodel and providing quality data ensures that the end user is viewing the sameversion the data that Is accessed by all other data warehouse users.

asmall warehouse designed for a strategic business unit or department,lower-cost, scaled-down version of a data warehouse who’s source is not anEnterprise Data Warehouse

data about datathat describes the structure of and some meaning about data

enables multipleCPUs to process data warehouse query requests simultaneously and providesscalability

Consists of extraction (reading data from one or more data bases)transformation (converting the extracteddata from its previous form into the form in which it needs to be so that itcan be placed into a data warehouse or simple another database) and load (putting the data into the data warehouse).

Transformation occurs byusing rules or lookup tables or by combing the data with other data

Purpose is to load thewarehouse with integrated and cleansed data

1) End users canperform extensive analysis in numerous ways.

2) A consolidated view ofcorporate data is possible.

3) Better and timelier information is possible.

4)Enhanced system performance can result

5) Data access is simplified

set of relational table objectsthat are related by set of foreign to primary key relationships – requires acollection of measurable data that is extracted from source transactionalsystem (data is store in table objects)

store descriptiveinformation about the measures collected by a transactional system (dates,times, count, metrics currency, etc.)

the relational shape of thediagram and its use of foreign and primary keys

Star Schema consistsof a central fact table surrounded by and connected to several dimension tables

has hierarchy; isrepresented by centralized fact tables which are connected to multipledimensions

should be familiar withhigh performance software, hardware, and networking technologies.

DWA should possess businessinsight, and should be familiar with the decision-making processes so as tosuitably design and maintain the data warehouse.

Keep existing requirementsand capabilities of the DW stable while simultaneously providing flexibilityfor rapid improvement

communication skills

is any communicationartifact prepared with the specific intention of conveying information in apresentable to whoever needs it, whenever or wherever they may need it

are effective when youhave nominal data or numerical data that splits nicely into differentcategories so you can quickly see comparative results and trends within yourdata. Can be stacked/horizontal/verticalable

Visually appealing, shouldonly be used to show the relative proportions of a specific measure. If numberof categories to show is more than a few (4) – consider using bar chart.

often used to explore therelationship between two or three variables. Having more than three variablesis not easily translated. Scatter plots are an effective way to explore theexistence of trends, concentrations, and outliers.

enhanced versions ofscatter plots. Should be viewed as a technique to enrich data illustrated inscatter plots. By varying sizes/colors of circles, one can add data dimensions,offering more enriched meaning.

looks like a barchart, difference is the way information is portrayed. Histograms are used toshow the frequency distribution of a variable or several variables. Showdistributional shape of the data

special case ofhorizontal bar charts that are used to portray project timeless, projecttasks/activity durations, and overlap amongst the tasks/activities. – Good aidfor management and control of projects

show precedencerelationships among project activities/tasks developed primarily to simplifythe planning and scheduling of large and complex projects. Composed of nodes(rectangles/circles) and edges (directed arrows).

the use of visualrepresentations to explore, make sense of, and communicate data.

business performancemeasured through outcome-oriented metrics. KPIs or Service-level Agreements(SLAs). Tracked over time- TQM or Six Sigma

present a range ofdifferent performance indicators on one page. Common to have color-codedtraffic lights defined for performance.

presents an integrated view of success in an organization. In addition to finalperformance, they includes customer, business process, and leaning and growthperspectives

quality serviceoffered to users by a good business reporting system. Includes determining ifand when the right information is to be delivered to the right ppl in rightformat/way.

the system thatbuilds the various reports and hosts them or disseminates them. Also providenotification, annotation, collaboration, etc.

a system that takesrecorded events/transactions and delivers them reliably to the reportingsystem.

The data access can be push or pull, depending on whether or not it isresponsible for initiating the delivery process.

It can also be polled if thedata are transferred periodically, or triggered if data are transferred in caseof a specific eventement

the storage area for data and metadata. It could be a flat file or spreadsheet,but usually a RDBMS set up as a data mart, data warehouse, or operational datastore – often employs OLAP (online analytical processing)

steps for how the recorded transactions/events are to be converted into metric,scorecards, and dashboards