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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. Walls of the arteries consist of how many parts? Name them.
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3, tunica interna, tunica media, tunica externa
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2. What part of the artery wall maintains contractibility and elasticity?
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tunica media
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3. Large arteries are often called conducting/distributing and elastic/muscular.
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conduction, elastic
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4. Medium sized arteries are often called conducting/distributing and elastic/muscular.
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distributing, muscular
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5. _____________ occurs when two or more vessels unite.
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anastomosis
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6. If an artery does not anastomose it is called an ____ artery.
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end
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7. What is collateral circulation?
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the alternate blood route that results from anastomosis
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8. Arterioles are small arteries that deliver blood to _______?
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capillaries
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9. Arterioles helps regulate blood flow and arterial blood pressure by what actions?
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contraction and dilation
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10. Blood flow through capillaries is regulated by _________.
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precapillary sphincters
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11. Microscopic blood vessels in the liver are called __________.
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sinusoids
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12. V_______ are small vessels that continue from capillaries and merge to form v________.
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venules, veins
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13. The lumen of an artery is smaller/larger than that of a comparable vein.
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smaller
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14. Veins have more/same/less tunicas, thicker/thinner tunica interna and thicker/thinner tunica media that arteries.
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same, thinner, thinner
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15. What prevents backward blood flow in veins?
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valves
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16. V______ or v________ ______ are veins with very thin walls.
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vascular, venous, sinuses
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17. The veins in the abdomen (liver and spleen) and the skin are the principle _____ ________.
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blood reserves
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18. Systemic veins are collectively called ________ ________.
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blood reserves
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19. The forces involved in circulating blood through the body is called ______?
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hemodynamics
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20. What is "vasculature of vessels"?
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"vasa vasorum" blood vessels served by their own blood
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21. When the elastic fibers in the elastic arteries recoil and convert potential energy into kinetic energy causing blood to flow, this is called?
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pressure reserve
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22. Blood flow resistence is decreased/increased by arteriole vasoconstriction and decreased/increased by vasodialation?
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increased, decreased
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23. Name the three types of capillaries.
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Continuous, fenestrated and sinusoid
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24. Substances enter capillaries by three different mechanisms. Name them.
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simple diffusion, transcytosis and bulk transfer
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25. Bulk flow happens from and area of higher/lower pressure to an area of higher/lower pressure.
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higher, lower
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26. Pressure-driven movement of fluid and solutes from blood capillaries into interstitual fluid is called __________?
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filtration
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27. Pressure-driven movement of fluid and solutes from interstitual fluid into blood capillaries is called __________?
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reabsorbtion
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28. What is BHP?
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blood hydrostatic pressure
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29. What is IFHP?
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interstitial hydrostatic fluid pressure
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30. What is BCOP?
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blood colloid osmotic pressure
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31. What is IFOP?
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interstitial fluid osmotic pressure
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32. What is NFP?
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net filtration pressure
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33. What is the formula for NFP?
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NFP = (BHP + IFOP) - (BCOP + IFHP)
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34. (BHP + IFOP) promotes filtration? (T/F)
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T
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35. (BCOP + IFHP) promotes reabsorbtion? (T/F)
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T
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36. (BHP + IFOP) promotes filtration/reabsorbtion?
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filtration
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37. (BCOP + IFHP) promotes filtration/reabsorbtion?
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reabsorbtion
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38. Net filtration at the arterial end of a capillary is 20mmHg/10mmHg/5mmHg.
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10mmHg
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39. Net reabsorbtion at the venous end of a capillary is -27mmHg/-17mmHg/-9mmHg
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-9mmHg
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40. The _______ ________ in the ______ _______ is the main control center for blood pressure and flow control.
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cardiovascular center, medulla oblongata
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41. Name the four inputs to the cardiovascular control center.
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higher brain centers (hypothalamus, limbic system, cerebral cortex), proprioceptors, baroceptors and chemoceptors.
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42. Through ________ neurons of the ANS the _____ nerve decreases heart rate.
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parasympathetic, Vagus
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43. The sympathetic impulses that increase the rate and contractibility are transmitted via the ________ _______ nerves.
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cardiac accelerator
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44. The sympathetic impulses that increase vasocontriction are transmitted via the ________ nerves.
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vasomotor
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45. What are the two most important baroceptors reflexes?
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corotid sinus reflex and aortic reflex
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46. The sensory impulses from the corotid reflex reach the cardiovascular center via the _________ nerve.
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glossopharyngeal (IX)
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47. The sensory impulses from the aortic reflex reach the cardiovascular center via the _______ nerve.
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Vagus (X)
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48. Chemorecepotrs are located near the baroceptors of the corotid sisus and the arch of the aorta in small structures called ____ and ____ bodies.
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corotid, aortic
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49. _______ that help regulate blood pressure are epinephrine, norepinephrine, ADH (vasopressin), angiotensin II, and ANP.
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hormones
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50. ________ refers to local, automatic adjustments of blood flow in a given region to meet a particular tissue's need.
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autoregulation
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51. ___ is the principal stumulus for autoregulation.
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O2
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52. What is RAA system?
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renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
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53. The walls of the systemic circulatory system dilate/constrict in response to low O2 levels?
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dilate
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54. The walls of the pulmonary circulatory system dilate/constrict in response to low O2 levels?
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constrict
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