Bio 141 Exam 2

sweet, umami, sour, salty, bitter

sensory adaptation

miyofibrils are composed primarily of?

comes first, senses something from peripheral to nervous

the largest and most numerous neuralgial cells in the brain and spinal cord

transmits signal to another neuron

only found in the heart, involuntary, uninucleate cells, striated

contains nucleus

brain, spinal cord

protection, nutritive, maintains stable ion concentration in CNS

shortening

detect color, less sensitive

isometric

receive signal

lengthening

nerve peripheral to sensory (response)

hormone excess, hormone deficiency, or abnormal responsiveness of target tissue, can be primary or secondary

every cell, chemical, slower, longer lasting, intensity control via quantity ( can produce more and more)

associated with body surface (touch, pressure, temperature, pain)

higher intellectual processes for concentrating, planning, complex problem solving and judging the consequences of behavior

exteroceptive, visceroceptive, proprioceptive

equilibrium

perception of energy carried by sound waves (pressure), also site of equilibrium and balance

an increase in GnRH

moveable bone

muscles contracts but doesn't change length

muscles contracts and changes length

often work in opposing pairs moving the same bone

lipids and proteins that wrap around an axon

insulates axon, speeds up travel

filaments in sarcomere

each neuron has a target cell, electric/chemical, fast, short duration, intensity control via frequence, # of action potentials

dendrites, cell body, axon, synapse

cells in nasal cavity with specific proteins receptors that bind odorant, sense of smell drops 50% within 1 second after stimulation

stationary bone

sensory areas provide sensations of temperature, touch, pressure, and pain involving the skin

parietal

brain's interpretation of the sensory event

nerves in other parts of the body, spinal and cranial nerves

The brain doesn't do a good job localizing

exterioreceptors

changes in muscles, tendons (body position, movement)

primarily in the head

automatic, subconscious responses to stimuli within or outside the body

behaviors stretch reflex, withdrawal reflex, crossed extensor reflex

as light enters eye, it is refracted by: convex surface of cornea and lens, image focused on retina is upside down and reversed from left to right,light energy changes to electrical energy, occurs at retina, hits visual receptors behind retina

detect black and white, more sensitive, lights upon light levels

produces myelin found on peripheral myelinated neurons speed neurotransmission

brain becomes aware of sensory event

ability to ignore unimportant stimuli, decreased sensory impulses, can refocus attention

specialized nervous cells that collect info from environment, sends info along sensory nerves to the brain

photoreceptors in the retina of the eye react to light

skeletal muscle

Ca++ binds troponin, shifts tropomyosin, and exposes myosin binding sites

pulls actin filaments when muscle contracts (requires ATP)

internal organs/tubes, involuntary moves food through gut, lacks striations, 1 nucleus

sensory receptors within complex sensory organs, found in the head

region where axon meets target cell, space across which neurotransmitter diffuses

taste buds on tongue with cells that bind or response to 5 different molecules

sensory areas for responsible for hearing, interpreting sensory experiences and remember visual scenes, music, and other complex sensory patterns

myosin

actin

covers actin, prevents myosin from tightly binding

gatekeeper

lack of insulin

decreased response of cells to insulin

isotonic, isometric, concentric, eccentric

associated with changes in organs (blood pressure stretch, stomach receptors)

lack of cones

lack of ATP to cock myosin head back

myelinated neurons

alternating myosin head attachment