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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Genome |
A Cell's DNA |
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Autosome |
All Chromosomes excluding the X&Y |
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Somatic Cells |
All the body cells except for the sex cells |
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Gametes |
Sperm & Egg (haploid) |
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Interphase Stages |
G1-Cell Grows Larger, Producing organelles and proteins S- "Synthesis" DNA is duplicated G2-Cell prepares for division *Most of a cell's life is spent in interphase |
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Mitosis Stages (in animal cells) |
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase |
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What happens in Prophase |
Nuclear membrane disintegrates and nucleus disappears, Chromatin condenses into chromosomes (visible under a microscope), Spindle fibers form and are guided to the poles by centrioles |
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What happens in Metaphase |
Chromosomes line up down the middle of the cell in any order |
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what happens in Anaphase |
Sister chromatids seperate into daughter chromosomes, the daughter chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell |
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what happens in Telophase |
The spindle fibers disintegrate and the nuclear envelope reforms. The chromosomes also begin to uncurl again |
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What is Cytokinesis |
The process of dividing Cytoplasm into two distinct cell walls (it is followed by interphase again) |
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Functions of Mitotic Cell Division |
1)Allows for fertilized eggs to eventually becomes an organism with trillions of individual cells 2) Allows organism to maintain its tissue. Skin cells – 2weeks RBCs – 4 months Stomach cells – 3 days 3) Basis for asexual reproduction – offspring are genetically identical to parent cell (clones) |
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Through a microscope, you can see a cell plate beginning to develop across the middle of a cell and nuclei forming on either side of the cell plate. The Cell is most likely... |
A plant cell in the process of cytokineses. |
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One difference between cancer cells and normal cells is that cancer cells |
Continue to divide even when tightly packed together |
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Which of the following does not occur during mitosis |
Replication of the Dna |
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Diploid |
46 chromosomes (22 pairs of somatic cells and 1 pair of sex cells) |
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Haploid |
Only contains 23 chromosomes |
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Homologous Chromosomes |
2 identical chromosomes in a cell (female cells are homologous, but males arent yet act like they are) |
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Zygote |
Product of the fertilization of a gamete |
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Stages of Meiosis |
Meiosis 1 Prophase 1 Metaphase 1 Anaphase 1 Telophase 1 Meiosis 2 Metaphase 2 Anaphase 2 Telophase 2 |
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Differences Between Meiosis 1 and Mitosis |
Homologous pairs line up side by side. During metaphase the maternal and paternal homologous pairs line up together. No replication occurs after meiosis 1. Meiosis 1 leads to meiosis 2. |
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Difference between Meiosis 2 and Mitosis |
Same thing as meiosis 1 except cytokineses produces another pair of haploid cells. 4 Haploid cells produced by the end of meiosis. |
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what is Crossing Over |
Genetic material from non-sister chromatids can exchange places with one another. |
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What is spermatogenesis |
Males go through spermatogenesis in order to produce 4 sperm at the end of each cycle (meiosis). The primary spermatocite goes through mitosis in order to replenish itself. |
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What is Oogenesis |
Meiosis produces an Egg and 3 polar bodies. Occurs once a month. |