Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the components of cell theory?
|
1.all organisms are composed of 1 or more cells
2.cells are the basic living unit of function and organization 3. all cells come from the division of existing cells |
|
|
Define "cell"
|
A basic unit of living matter separated from its environment by a plasma membrane; the fundamental structural unit of life.
|
|
|
Sara would like to film the movement of chromosomes during cell division. Her best choice would be
a) light microscope, because of its resolving power b) transmission electron microscope, because of its magnifying power c) canning electron microscope, because the specimen is alive. d) transmission electron microscope, because of its great resolving power e) light microscope, because the specimen is alive |
e) light microscope, because the specimen is alive
|
|
|
What is the main advantage of small cell size?
|
Small cells can absorb materials from their environment and expel waste more efficiently, due to their large ratio of surface area to volume.
|
|
|
Which of the following clues would tell you if a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
a) the presence or absence of a rigid cell wall b) whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes c) the presence or absence of ribosomes d) whether or not the cell carries out cellular metabolism e) whether or not the cell contains DNA |
b) whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes
|
|
|
Define "organelle"
|
An organelle is a cellular structure, bound by a membrane, whose anatomy gives it a specific role to play in the life of the cell.
|
|
|
What does S.E.M. stand for?
|
Scanning Electron Microscope
|
|
|
"eu" is the Greek for:
a) "true" b) "before" c) "kernel" d) "center" e) "nucleus" |
"eu" is the Greek for:
a) "true" |
|
|
In a prokaryotic cell, the region occupied by a cluster of DNA is called what?
|
In a prokaryotic cell, the region occupied by a cluster of DNA is called the "nucleoid region"
|
|
|
True or false: electron microscopes are capable of higher magnifications, but light microscopes have higher resolving power.
|
False. Electron Microscopes are capable of higher magnifications and resolutions.
|
|
|
What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?
|
Rough ER is the home of the ribosomes, and is responsible for growth of the ER, as well as protein synthesis (some of the proteins manufactured are inserted right into the ER membrane). Smooth ER synthesizes lipids, including fatty acids, phospholipids, and steroids.
|
|
|
Where are ribosomes made?
|
Ribosomes are made in the nucleolus.
|
|
|
"pro" is the Greek for:
a) "true" b) "before" c) "kernel" d) "center" e) "nucleus" |
"pro" is the Greek for:
b) "before" |
|
|
Why aren't ribosomes classified as organelles?
|
They lack a membrane.
|
|
|
True or False: "Homeostasis" is an organism's ability to maintain a stable/livable internal environment.
|
True.
|
|
|
The attractive or repulsive forces between molecules other than those due to covalent bonds or to the electrostatic interaction of ions with one another or with neutral molecules are known as _____________.
|
Van Der Waals Forces
|
|
|
True or False: All organisms except monera and protista are made of cells.
|
False. All organisms are made of cells.
|
|
|
True or False: "Metabolism" is an organism's ability to maintain a stable/livable internal environment.
|
False. Metabolism is the total energy that is released and consumed by a cell. [energy transfer]
|
|
|
When an organism maintains a livable internal environment, this is called __________.
|
Homeostasis.
|
|
|
True or False: Light microscopes can effectively magnify to 1000x.
|
True.
|
|
|
Attractions between molecules that are close together, that result from asymmetric electron clouds are known as ____________.
|
Van Der Waals Forces
|
|
|
True or False: Most subcellular structures, including organelles (membrane-enclosed compartments), are too small to be resolved by a light microscope.
|
True.
|
|
|
The practice of separating a cell into pieces for study is ______________.
|
Cell fractionation.
|
|
|
The main feature that distinguishes a prokaryote is ___________.
|
the fact that it lacks a membrane-bound nucleus.
|
|
|
The study of cells, their origin, structure, function, and pathology is known as ___________.
|
Cytology.
|
|
|
One of the ways cells are split into sub-cellular parts for study is _________.
|
Ultracentrifugation. The centrifuge spins at 130,000 rpm, and creates forces at 1,000,000 g's
|
|
|
True or False: Most sub-cellular structures, including organelles (membrane-enclosed compartments), should be viewed with a light microscope with at least 1200x magnification.
|
False. Most subcellular structures, including organelles (membrane-enclosed compartments), are too small to be resolved by a light microscope.
|
|
|
True or False: one of the distinguishing features of the eukaryotes is a plasma membrane that completely envelopes the cell.
|
False. Both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes posses a plasma membrane.
|
|
|
Only organisms of the domains __________ consist of prokaryotic cells.
|
Bacteria and Archaea.
|
|
|
True or False: Cytoplasm is the semi-fluid that surrounds the organelles in the cell.
|
False. Cytoplasm refers to all the contents of the cell besides the nucleus. The semi-fluid that surrounds the organelles is a type of cytoplasm known as cytosol.
|
|
|
True or False: Protists are eukaryotes.
|
True.
|
|
|
Which sometimes has a "capsule", eukaryotes or prokaryotes? What is the function of the capsule?
|
Prokaryotes sometimes have a capsule. It protects the cell and helps it stick to surfaces.
|
|
|
___________ is a thread-like, gene carrying structure found in the nucleus of eukaryotes, and the cytoplasm of prokaryotes.
|
Chromosome
|
|
|
Presence of ___________ in eukaryotes allows phagocytosis.
|
Flexible cell walls
|
|
|
___________ is the semi-fluid that surrounds the organelles in the cell.
|
Cytosol
|
|
|
True or False: Cytoplasm includes the plasma membrane, Golgi apparatus, cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum, and the nucleus.
|
False. Cytoplasm does not include the plasma membrane or the nucleus.
|
|
|
What are pili?
|
Pili are short projections on some bacteria (prokaryotes) that help anchor to surfaces.
|
|
|
What are the 7 metabolic functions of the ER?
|
1)Lipid synthesis-
2)Carbohydrate metabolism 3)Detoxification of drugs/poisons in liver 4)Calcium ion storage 5)Providing bursts of calcium ions in muscle cells. |
|
|
Describe the role of the smooth ER in muscle contraction.
|
1) Muscle cells contain enzymes that pump calcium ions from the cytosol to the cisternae.
2) When a nerve impulse stimulates a muscle cell, calcium rushes from the ER into the cytosol, triggering contraction. 3) The enzymes then pump the calcium back, readying the cell for the next stimulation. |
|
|
What organelle makes protein anti-bodies?
|
Rough ER
|
|
|
What are the two functions of the rough ER?
|
1) To make more membrane
2) To make secretory proteins (via ribosomes) such as antibodies |
|
|
From the rough ER, where do transport vessicles go?
|
Golgi apparatus.
|
|
|
From the Golgi apparatus, where do transport vessicles go?
|
To the plasma membrane, where it will release the finished secretory proteins from the cell.
|
|
|
Define "glycoprotein"
|
A macromolecule consisting of one or more polypeptides linked to short chains of sugars.
|
