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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1) ___is the transport medium of the circulatory system
2) how important is your circulatory system? ___of all deaths in this country: ___,___,__etc. 3) all cells survive by ____ with their surroundings 4) there are ___types of circulatory systems (__and__) 5) a ___-chambered heart pumps blood through the body of birds and mammals |
1) blood
2) 50%; heart disease, heart attack, diabetes etc. 3) exchanging substances 4) 2 (open and closed) 5) four |
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Key Concepts:
1) the circulatory circuits are the ____ 2) ___transport blood from the heart where as __transport blood to the heart 3) __control blood-flow through each organ 4) ___are the vessels where diffusion takes place 5) the lymphatic system has 3 functions: ___ |
1) pulmonary and systemic circuits
2) arteries; veins 3) arterioles 4) capillaries 5) drainage; absorption; delivery of pathogens |
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Types of Circulatory systems:
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1) no circulatory system
2) open circulatory system 3) closed circulatory system |
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Types of circulatory systems:
1) No circulatory system- have ____that function in digestion and distribution of nutrients (ex: ___) 2) Open circulatory systems- blood is ___; outside the blood vessels (__=___+___); (ex: ___) 3) Closed circulatory systems- blood is ___; (ex:____) |
1) gastrovascular cavities (ex: cnidarians and planarians)
2) not always in vessels; (hemolymph= blood + interstitial fluid); (ex: insects, spiders, mollusks) 3) always in vessels; (ex: earthworm, squids, octopuses, and vertebrates) |
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1) Important feature of NO circulatory system
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1) gastrovascular cavities
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Circulatory System Basics
1) A ___: as a medium of transport 2) A ___: ____: conduct the blood throughout the body 3) A ___: the___: keep the blood circulation |
1) fluid-blood
2) system of channel; blood vessels 3) pump; heart |
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Closed Circulatory System of Vertebrates
1) in fishes, a ___heart pumps blood in ___. Blood picks up ___ in ___, delivers it to ___. ___flows back to heart. 2) in amphibians, a heart pumps blood through ____. Blood flows to __, picks up ___, returns to ____. It mixes with ___still in heart, flows to rest of body, returns to heart |
1) 2 chambered; one circuit; oxygen; gills; rest of body; oxygen-poor blood
2) two partially separate circuits; lungs; oxygen; heart; oxygen-poor blood |
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Closed Circulatory Systems: FISH
1) __blood to tissue 2) __blood to the heart 3) pass ___ |
1) O2 rich
2) O2 poor 3) two beds |
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Closed Circulatory Systems: Amphibian
1) __blood pumped to body tissue 2) __and___ |
1) mixed
2) 2 atria; 1 ventricle |
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Closed Circulatory Systems: Birds and Mammals
1) In birds and mammals, the heart is fully partitioned into ___. Blood circulates in ___: from the heart's right half to ___ and back, then from the heart's left half to ___and back |
1) 2 halves; 2 circuits; lungs; oxygen-requiring tissues
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Components of blood ___&___
1) Plasma > ___ 2) Cellular portion (___) is ____ |
plasma and cellular portion
1) 50% 2) blood cells; 40-50% |
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Components of Blood: Plasma & Cellular Portion
1) Plasma (>50%) is composed of? 2) Cellular portion (40-50%) is composed of? |
1) water (91-92%), proteins (7-8%), ions/sugars/amino acids/hormones/vitamins and gases (1-2%)
2) RBCs (99%), WBCs, and plateletes |
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In the cellular portion (blood cells) of blood: NUMBERS
1) RBS are in the ___ 2) WBCs are in the ___ 3) platelets are in the ___ |
1) millions
2) thousands 3) hundred thousands |
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Normally:
1) Plasma makes up about ___ 2) Cellular Elements make up about ___ |
1) 55%
2) 45% |
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Bone Marrow
1) a young child, bones filled with ___ 2) an older adult, bones filled with ___ 3) ___are all produced by bone marrow 4) old people have wrinkles because when you get older, you can't make enough cells, you skin gets ___ |
1) red marrow
2) yellow marrow 3) ALL blood cells (RBCs, WBCs, platelets) 4) thinner |
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1) we use our blood to deliver ___
2)__-fragments of blood cells; main function is __ 3) red blood cells are called ___ 4) white blood cells are called __ |
1) oxygen and carbon dioxide
2) fragments; blood clotting 3) erythrocytes 4) leukocytes |
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Human Circulatory System: FUNCTIONS
1) transport ___and ___ 2) distribution of ___ 3) transport of ___ (-->__-->__-->___) 4) distribution of ___ 5) regulation of ___ 6) ___ of the body against ___ 7) ___of the body against ___ |
1) O2 and CO2
2) nutrients 3) wastes (liver; kidney; excretion) 4) hormones 5) body temperature 6) protection; blood loss 7) protection; diseases |
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Human circulatory system: BLOOD VESSELS
1) Arteries and arterioles- have ___walls; __muscle with ___tissue to with-stand___; carry blood ___ 2) Capillaries- are the ___vessels; they are ___ and ____for easy___; ___of materials between ___ 3) Venules and Veins- ___valves in ___walled vessels surrounded by thin layer of ___giving ___to blood flow, which is assisted by ___; ___blood___ |
1) thick; smooth; elastic; high pressure; away from the heart
2) tiniest; thin; single-cell thick; diffusion; exchange; blood and body cells 3) one-way; thin; smooth muscle; low resistance; skeletal muscle; return; to the heart |
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Blood Vessels
1) thick walls, smooth muscles-__ 2) tiny: thin single cell; made of ___ 3) thin walls, thin smooth muscle; one-way valves |
1) arteries/arterioles; elastic
2) capillaries; endothelium (epithelium) 3) veins/venules |
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Veins
1) ___diameter 2) ___resistance 3) contain ___ 4) ___flow 5) known as ____ (__of total ___) |
1) large
2) low 3) valves 4) one-way 5) blood reservoirs; (50-60%; blood volume) |
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Blood Circulation: Starting in the heart
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1) arteries
2) arterioles 3) capillaries 4) venules 5) veins 6) back to heart |
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Human Circulatory System (HEART)
1) ___types of chambers: ___ 2) mammals and birds: ___of heart (___); each __= ___+___ 3) mammals and birds have __circuit(s): ___ |
1) 2 types of chambers: atria-receiving chambers; ventricles-pumping chambers -->arteries
2) 2 halves; (separated); half = atrium + ventricle 3) 2 circuits; pulmonary and systemic circuits |
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Human Circulatory System (HEART): Circuits
1) Pulmonary Circuit-- ____O2 (___) 2) Systemic Circuit--___O2; (___) |
1) picks up; RV->lungs->LA->LV
2) delivers nutrients, O2,etc.; LV->body tissue--> RA-->RV |
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Heart:
1) the right side of the heart contains ___; receive from ___and go to___ 2) the left side of the heart contains ___; receive from ____and go to ___ |
1) oxygen poor blood; systemic circuit; pulmonary circuit
2) oxygen rich blood; pulmonary circuit; systemic circuit |
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Distribution of Blood-Heart Output:
The top 4 organ systems that use the most blood |
1) digestive tract (21%)
2) kidneys 3) skeletal muscles 4) brain |
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Heart Structure and Location
1) heart is located in the ___ 2) ___of the heart is very muscular--need to __ |
1) center of chest cavity
2) left ventricle; squeeze/pump blood |
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Cardiac Conducting System
1) both __and ___ are located in the RIGHT atrium--they send __so ___ 2) ___-a region of cells that generate electrical signals, heart ___; = ___ 3) ___sends signals to walls of ___ (to ___)it also sends signal to ____. Then ___sends signals to ___-->____ |
1) SA node and AV node; electrical signal; atria can contract at the same time
2) pacemaker; contracts; = sinoatrial node (SA node) 3) SA node; atria; contract; Atrioventricular node (AV node); AV node; ventricular muscles; ventricles contract |
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Cardiac Conducting System consists of:
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1) SA node (pacemaker)
2) AV node 3) AV bundle |
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Human Circulatory System (Heart Sounds)
1) cardiac output = ___; sports =___; ___contraction/min 2) First sound "__" = closing of valves between ___ 3) Second sound "__" = closing of valves between___ 4) __=period of contraction of heart ventricles, begins with ___ 5) ___= period of relaxation of heart ventricles, begins with ___ |
1) 5-6 l/min; 30-35l/min; 60-80
2) "Lubb"; atria and ventricles 3) "Dubb"; ventricles and arteries 4) systole; "Lubb" sound 5) diastole; "Dubb" sound |
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Cardiac Cycle consists of:
1) contraction of ventricles 2) relaxation of ventricles 3) closure/opening of __ 4) contraction of ventricles is the ____of___ |
1) systole
2) diastole 3) valves 4) force; blood flow |
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Human Circulatory System (B.P.)
1) pressure= ___ 2) blood pressure = pressure of ___on the ___ 3) young adult systolic BP = ___ 4) young adult diastolic BP = ___ |
1) force/unit area
2) blood; walls of vessels 3) 120 mmHg 4) 80mmHg |
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Calculate # of liters of blood:
1) equation 2) conversion of pounds to kg |
1) weight in kg X 8% = # of liters of blood
2) 1 lb = 0.45kg |
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With blood pressure, ___is highest to measure
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1) systolic
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1) supplement to vertebrate circulatory system; it runs parallel to __half of circulatory system
2) structure of lymphatic system: a complex network of ___and ___(___&__both produce __); in proximity to the ___; composed of cells with __between them that act as ___ 3) components of lymphatic fluid (__): ___ |
1) lymphatic system; venous
2) thin walled vessels; two organs (thymus & spleen; lymphocytes); capillary network; openings; one-way valves 3) lymph: water, WBCs, and foreign matter |
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Lymphatic system
1) lymph flow comes from the ___ of ___ (walking, breathing, etc.) 2) functions: __of ___; __of__from the ___to __(___); __of the body by exposing viruses, bacteria, and cancer cells to ____ (sites= ___) |
1) contraction; nearby muscles
2) removal; excess body tissue fluids; transport; fats; small intestine; blood; (absorption); defense; WBCs; lymphatic nodes |
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Lymphatic System
1) lymph vessels (green) and the ___ 2) FUNCTIONS: ___ 3) consists of: ___ |
1) capillaries
2) drainage, absorption, and delivery of pathogens 3) tonsils, thymus gland, spleen, and lymph nodes |
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In Conclusion:
1) Circulatory systems consist of a ___ 2) Blood consists of ___ 3) Blood delivers ___, and other products as well as transports ___products from cells 4) the human heart is a ___ 5) the two circuits pumped from the heart are the ___ |
1) heart, vessels, and blood
2) plasma & cellular portion (RBCs, WBCs, and platelets) 3) oxygen; waste 4) double pump 5) pulmonary and systemic circuits |
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In Conclusion:
1) the ___circuit allows blood to pick up oxygen and get ride of carbon dioxide 2) the ___circuit allows blood to deliver oxygen to cells and pick up waste products 3) ___drives the blood through both circuits 4) blood flows from ___areas to ___areas 5) capillary beds are ____ 6) ___bring blood back toward the heart 7) the hearts conducting system regulates the ___and the ___of the heart 8) the ___initiates the action potentials and is the ___ 9) the lymphatic system takes up ___from the ___, transports ___, and delivers ___ |
1) pulmonary
2) systemic 3) ventricular contraction 4) high pressure; low pressure 5) diffusion zones 6) veins 7) heart beat; rhythmic contraction 8) SA node; pacemaker 9) fluid; blood; fats; pathogens to nodes |