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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 stages of sexual development
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1) start with genes, which work together to give you...
2) Gonads. which produce hormones to give you... 3) 2nd sex characteristics (activational which are reversible like behavior, and organizational which are irreversible like a penis) |
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classic dimorphism across species
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-males tend to be bigger, more aggressive, and have more muscles
-genitalia and hair/fur/plumage and horns/antlers are different depending on gender -certain neurological and psychiatirc diseases have some biological basis that occurs more in a particular gender |
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differences between genders in humans
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-men tend to be better at spacial visualization
-when giving directions, men tend to use direction and distance, while women give landmarks |
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Why are there differences in behavior depending on gender?
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-certain behavior is hormonally driven (more aggressive if exposed to more testosterone)
-males and females have differences especially in brain regions with high sex steroid levels |
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gyandromorphic finch
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-split down the middle, half male half female
-externally, and also internal (ex: ovary on one side, testis on other, brain different on different sides) -means that difference in brain structure comes from genetic makeup -behaves as a male |
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What makes hyenas abnormal?
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-females dominant (bigger, more aggressive, in charge)
-females have pseudo penis, which they mate with inside out and give birth through -ovaries produce a lot of androstenedione, which can be converted into testosterone or estrogen |
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Hormones released before/during sex
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-sexual arousal associated w/ dopamine release, which is triggered by testosterone and estradiol
-dopamine helps erection of penis and sexually receptive postures in females -higher concentrations stimulate D2 receptors, positive feedback cycle leads to orgasm |
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hormones released after sex
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-prolactin released, feeds back on the dopamine system to lower dopamine levels
-serotonin may also be released, producing calming effect and countering dopamine-mediated excitation |
