Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
virus:
|
package of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat that must use a host cell's machinery to reproduce itself
|
|
bacteriophage:
|
virus that infects bacteria; also called a "phage"
|
|
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA):
|
molecule responsible for inheritance; nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose
|
|
nucleotide:
|
building block (monomer) of nucleic acid polymers
|
|
nitrogenous base:
|
single or double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms with attached functional groups, found in nucleic acids
|
|
pyrimidine:
|
single-ring nitrogenous base
|
|
purine :
|
double-ring nitrogenous base
|
|
double helix:
|
two strands of nucleotides wound about each other; structure of DNA
|
|
DNA replication:
|
process of copying DNA molecules
|
|
DNA polymerase:
|
enzyme that makes the covalent bonds between the nucleotides of new DNA strands
|
|
ribonucleic acid (RNA):
|
nucleic acid containing the sugar ribose
|
|
transcription:
|
process by which a DNA template is used to produce a single-stranded RNA molecule
|
|
translation:
|
process by which a sequence of nucleic acids in RNA is used to direct the production of a chain of specific amino acids
|
|
codon:
|
in RNA, a three-base "word" that codes for one amino acid
|
|
messenger RNA (mRNA):
|
RNA molecule transcribed from a DNA template
|
|
RNA polymerase:
|
transcription enzyme that links RNA nucleotides together
|
|
intron:
|
internal noncoding region in RNA transcript
|
|
exon:
|
coding region in RNA transcript
|
|
RNA splicing:
|
process by which the introns are removed from RNA transcripts and the remaining exons are joined together
|
|
transfer RNA (tRNA):
|
RNA that translates the three-letter codons of mRNA to amino acids
|
|
anticodon:
|
in tRNA, a triplet of nitrogenous bases that is complementary to a specific codon in mRNA
|
|
ribosomal RNA (rRNA):
|
RNA component of ribosomes
|
|
mutation:
|
any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA
|
|
mutagen:
|
physical or chemical agent that causes mutations
|