Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Alleles |
Alternative versions of genes |
|
|
The Law of Segregation |
Alleles separate during gamete formation |
|
|
Homozygous |
having two identical alleles for a gene |
|
|
Hetereozygous |
having two different alleles for a gene |
|
|
Genotype |
the set of alleles an individual has |
|
|
The Law of Independent Assortment |
genes on non-homologous chromosomes segregate independently during gamete formation
|
|
|
Epistasis |
is when one gene alters the expression of a second gene
|
|
|
Polygenic Inheritance |
Quantitative characters vary along a continuum which indicates this
|
|
|
norm of reaction |
shows the range of phenotypes expressed across an environmental gradient (phenotypic plasticity)
|
|
|
The chromosome theory of inheritance accounts for Mendel’s laws
|
Genes have specific loci on chromosomes
;Chromosomes undergo segregation and independent assortment |
|
|
What is hemizygous |
when only one copy is present
|
|
|
Linked genes |
Genes are close together on a chromosome and they do not sort independently |
|
|
Wild Type |
a gene that prevails among individuals in natural conditions; dominant
|
|
|
Recombination frequency |
When two genes are located on the same chromosome, the chance of a crossover producing recombination between the genes is related to the distance between the two genes.
|
|
|
Nondisjunction |
the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division
|
|
|
DNA double helix |
to one another so that one strand runs 5′ to 3′ and the other 3′ to 5′. The phosphate backbone is located on the outside, and the bases are in the middle.
|
|
|
Gene Expression |
This has two stages |
|
|
Transcription |
the synthesis of mRNA using DNA
|
|
|
Translation |
the synthesis of a polypeptide using mRNA
|
|
|
Central Dogma |
cells are governed by a chain of command
This chain is DNA to RNA to protein |
|
|
codons |
are made and read in the 5ʹ′ to 3ʹ′ direction
|
|
|
RNA polymermase |
opens the DNA strands and adds RNA nucleotides in the 5ʹ′to 3ʹ′ direction
|
|
|
Prokaryotic gene expression |
primarily controlled at the level of transcription
|
|
|
Eukaryotic gene expression |
transcription factors mediate the binding of RNA polymerase
|
|
|
Reading Frame |
is a way of dividing the sequence of nucleotides in a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) molecule into a set of consecutive, non-overlapping triplets
|
