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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
During what part of the cell cycle is DNA duplicated (be specific)? |
“S” phase of interphase |
Mitosis |
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What term refers to the division of the nucleus and all its contents, but not the cytoplasm? |
Mitosis |
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What is the name of the division of the cytoplasm? |
Cytokinesis |
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What structures are doing work to pull the sister chromatids to opposite poles? |
Spindle fibers |
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During what phase of mitosis would you see sister chromatids lines up along the cell’s equatorial plane? A) prophase B) metaphase C) anaphase D) telephase |
B) metaphase |
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Following mitosis, each new cell has the ____________ quality and the ____________ quantity of genetic material as the parent cell. |
Same quality and same quantity |
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During what phase of mitosis would you first see condensed DNA? A) prophase B) metaphase C) anaphase D) telophase |
A) prophase |
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A single copy of a replicated chromosome, while attached to its duplicate, is called a __________. |
Chromatid |
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The star shaped groups of spindle fibers, visible in animal cell mitosis, are called __________. |
Asters |
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Division of the cytoplasm differs in animals and plants. In animals, cytoplasmic division occurs through ____________ while in plants, cytokinesis involves ____________. |
Cleavage, cell plate formation |
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During what phase of mitosis would chromatids separate into chromosomes? A) prophase B) metaphase C) anaphase D) telophase |
C) anaphase |
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Spindle fibers attach themselves to what part of the chromatids when pulling them apart? |
Centromere |
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During what phase of mitosis does cytokinesis begin? A) prophase B) metaphase C) anaphase D) telophase |
D) telophase |
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What term is given to uncondensed DNA? |
Chromatin |
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Does mitosis produce haploid or diploid cells? |
Diploid |
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Somatic cells, germ cells and even haploid cells CAN undergo mitosis. List one cell that CANNOT self replicate. |
Red blood cell |
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Is mitosis a form of sexual or asexual reproduction? |
Asexual |
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Meiosis involves random assortment, recombination, and reduction of chromosomes characteristic of what type of reproduction? |
Sexual |
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Which of the following cells undergoes meiosis? A) somatic B) germ C) gametes D) blood cells |
B) germ |
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During what specific phase of meiosis is the duplicated DNA condensing? |
Prophase I |
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What major event, a form of genetic recombination, occurs during prophase I? |
Crossing over |
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What specific phase of meiosis are homologous chromosomes aligned along the cell’s equatorial plane? |
Metaphase I |
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Upon conclusion of Meiosis I, are the cells diploid or haploid? |
Haploid |
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During what specific phase of meiosis are the homologous chromosomes separated? |
Anaphase I |
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What type of human cell is diploid? |
All cells except gametes |
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What type of human cell is haploid? |
Gametes |
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What event changes the chromosome number in female gametes from haploid to diploid? |
Fertilization |
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How many different versions of homologous chromosomes may exist in the gametes produced after cross-over occurs? |
4 |
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At what phase is meiosis are the sister chromatids separated? |
Anaphase II |
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The specific type of genetic material carried on homologous chromosomes is called the organism’s _____________. |
Genotype |
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The visible expression of an organism’s genes is called the _____________. |
phenotype |
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The inheritance pattern in which a dominant allele masks a recessive trait, so that no trace is expressed in heterozygous individual is called ____________. |
Complete dominance |
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An inheritance pattern with an intermediate form among three potential phenotypes is called ____________. |
Incomplete dominance |
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The inheritance pattern in which two alleles can be expressed equally is called ____________. |
Co-dominance |
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Homologous chromosomes are sorted into gametes at random during meiosis. What do we call this manner of lining up? |
Random alignment |
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Draw a punnette square crossing XX vs XY chromosomes. What is the probability of having a male offspring? |
50% |
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List all potential gametes that can be made by an individual with the genotype RrYy. |
RY, Ry, rY, ry |
Rr on top and Yy on the side |
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Assuming incomplete dominance, the RY alleles would produce flowers as follows: R=red, Y=yellow, RY=orange, y and r = produce no color (white). What phenotypic ratio would result from a dihybrid cross (RrYy X RrYy)? |
Mendel’s 9:3:3:1ratio 9- orange 3- red 3- yellow 1- white |
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A different molecular version of a gene is called a(n) ____________. |
allele |
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The evolutionary process involving differential reproductive success among individuals of varying traits within a population is called ____________. |
Natural selection |
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An outcome of environment specific natural selection, affecting allele frequency within a population, is called a(n) ______________. |
Adaptation |
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Populations experiencing long periods without changes in allele frequencies (i.e. not evolving) are said to be in a state of ________________. |
Genetic equilibrium |
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Changes in allele frequencies not brought about as a consequence of natural selection are said to be a result of ______________. |
Genetic drift |
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Although natural selection affects an individual’s survival or reproductive success, adaptations occur at the _____________ level. |
Population |
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The statistical parameter we use to measure the average value for a number of observations is called the ___________. |
Mean |
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What statistical parameter gives values at specific (standard) distances from the mean? |
Standard deviation |
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The bell-shaped frequency distribution is so prevalent in nature that it is referred to as a ______________ distribution. |
Normal |
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The amount of variation in a population is measured using what parameter? |
Variance |
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The t-test is a useful tool in studying differences among two populations. What null hypothesis does it test for? |
Equality of two means |
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If the calculated t-test value is 3.46 and the critical value from a t-test table is 2.01, what does that indicate about the foraging ability of the model birds? |
There is a significant difference in the foraging ability. |
Consider the hypothesis in our beak experiment |